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Harve Presnell Grandpa Leo Lionheart Natasha Slayton Kate Lionheart Additional voices edit Carlos Alazraqui Jennings Tom Arnold Dee Bradley Baker Sheryl Bernstein Clancy Brown Jesse David Corti Betty White Ludden born Betty Marion White January known professionally as Betty White is an American actress comedienne author producer radio host singer and television personality In the Guinness World Records recognized White as having the longest television career for a female entertainer To contemporary audiences White is best known for her roles as Sue Ann Nivens on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Rose Nylund on The Golden Girls The Writers Guild of America has included both sitcoms in its list of the Best Written TV Series Of All Time Since the death of co star Rue McClanahan in she is the only surviving Golden Girl From to she starred as Elka Ostrovsky in the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland for which she has won two consecutive Screen Actors Guild Awards and she presented the practical joke show Betty White s Off Their Rockers which resulted in three consecutive Emmy nominations She became the oldest person to guest host Saturday Night Live a performance which earned her a Primetime Emmy award Regarded as a pioneer of television White was one of the first women to have control both in front of and behind the camera and is recognized as the first woman to produce a sitcom which contributed to her receiving the honorary title as the Mayor of Hollywood in In a career that has spanned more than years White has received eight Emmy awards three American Comedy Awards three Screen Actors Guild awards a BAFTA and a Grammy In White was given the Favorite TV Icon Award at the People s Choice Awards She is the only woman to have received an Emmy in all performing comedic categories and also holds the record for longest span between Emmy nominations for performancesher first was in and her most recent was in a span of years She is the fourth oldest winner of a competitive Grammy Award and the oldest nominee of a performing Emmy A staple guest of many American game shows such as Password Match Game and The Pyramid White has been dubbed the First Lady of Game Shows and became the first woman to receive an Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host in for the show Just Men Due to her pioneering efforts in early television and her acting legacy the American Comedy Awards the Screen Actors Guild Awards the Television Critics Association the British Academy of Film and Television Arts the Daytime Emmy Awards the People s Choice Awards and the TV Land Awards have all presented White with lifetime achievement awards recognizing her contribution to television White has also been formally inducted into the Academy of Television Arts Sciences Hall of Fame and has received the Disney Legends award White is also known for her animal welfare work She has donated tens of thousands of dollars to the Los Angeles Zoo and has been a member of the board of directors since Contents Early life Career
Ludden
White was the recipient of the Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters Golden Ike Award and the Genii Award from the American Women in Radio and Television in The American Comedy Awards awarded her the award for Funniest Female in as well as the Lifetime Achievement Award in She was formally inducted into the Academy of Television Arts Sciences Hall of Fame in In White received the TCA Career Achievement Award from the Television Critics Association
The American Veterinary Medical Association awarded White with its Humane Award in for her charitable work with animals The City of Los Angeles further honored her for her philanthropic work with animals in with a bronze plaque near the Gorilla Exhibit at the Los Angeles Zoo The City of Los Angeles named her "Ambassador to the Animals" at the dedication ceremony
Walk of FameIn September the Screen Actors Guild SAG announced plans to honor White with the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award at the th Screen Actors Guild Awards Actress Sandra Bullock presented White with the award on January at the ceremony which took place at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles She is a Kentucky Colonel In White and her now deceased Golden Girls cast mates Bea Arthur Rue McClanahan and Estelle Getty were awarded honorary Disney Legend awards Betty was inducted into the California Hall of Fame in December In she was chosen as the Associated Press s Entertainer of the Year
On November the USDA Forest Service along with Smokey Bear made Betty White an honorary forest ranger fulfilling her lifelong dream White said in previous interviews that she wanted to be a forest ranger as a little girl but that women were not allowed to do that then Today s United States Forest Service is percent female including rangers scientists and leaders at every level
In January White received a SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series for her role as Elka Ostrovsky in Hot in Cleveland The show itself was also nominated for an award as Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series but lost to the cast of Modern Family She won the same award again in and has received a third nomination
A poll conducted by Reuters and Ipsos revealed that White was considered the most popular and most trusted celebrity among Americans beating the likes of Denzel Washington Sandra Bullock and Tom Hanks
In October White was awarded an honorary degree and white doctors coat by Washington State University at the Washington State Veterinary Medical Association s centennial gala in Yakima Washington
In White won her first Grammy aged for the audio version of her best selling book
Filmography edit Films edit Year Title Role Notes
Time to Kill Lou s Girl Short film
Advise Consent Senator Bessie Adams
Vanished Hostess
With This Ring Evelyn Harris Television film
The Best Place to Be Sally Cantrell Television film
Before and After Anita Television film
The Hollywood Knights Herself
The Gossip Columnist Herself Television film
Eunice Ellen Television film
Big City Comedy Herself
Alf Loves a Mystery Aunt Harriet Television film
Chance of a Lifetime Evelyn Eglin Television film
A Weekend in the Country Martha Television film
The Story of Santa Claus Gretchen Claus Voice
Hard Rain Doreen Sears
Dennis the Menace Strikes Again Martha Wilson
Holy Man Herself
Lake Placid Mrs Delores Bickerman
The Story of Us Lillian Jordan
Whispers An Elephant s Tale Round Voice
Tom Sawyer Aunt Polly Voice
The Retrievers Mrs Krisper
The Wild Thornberrys The Origin of Donnie Grandma Sophie Voice
Bringing Down the House Mrs Kline
Return to the Batcave The Misadventures of Adam and Burt Cameo
Stealing Christmas Emily Sutton Television film
The Third Wish Lettie
Annie s Point Annie Eason Television film
Where s Marty Herself
Your Mommy Kills Animals Herself Documentary
In Search of Puppy Love Herself Documentary
Ponyo Yoshie Voice
Love N Dancing Irene
The Proposal Grandma Annie
Part Two The Warm Mission Betty Short film
You Again Grandma Bunny
Prep Landing Operation Secret Santa Mrs Claus Voice
Betty White Champion for Animals Herself Documentary
The Lost Valentine Caroline Thomas Television film
The Lorax Grammy Norma Voice
Letters to Jackie Remembering President Kennedy Narrator Documentary
Betty White Goes Wild Herself Documentary
Television edit Year Title Role Notes
Hollywood on Television Herself
The Eddie Albert Show Herself
Life with Elizabeth Elizabeth Lead Role episodes
The Betty White Show Herself From February to December
What s My Line Herself episodes
The Millionaire Virginia Lennart Episode "Millionaire Virginia Lennart"
Date with the Angels Vickie Angel Lead Role episodes
The Betty White Show Herself Lead Role episodes
The Jack Paar Show Herself Recurring Role episodes
present To Tell the Truth Herself Appearances on CBS Collyer NBC Moore and ABC Anderson versions
Super Million Dollar Password All Stars Plus Herself Appeared on all versions of the show
The United States Steel Hour Episode "Scene of the Crime"
Match Game Herself Recurring Role episodes
You Don t Say Herself Recurring Role episodes
That s Life Episode "Buying a House"
Petticoat Junction Adelle Colby Episode "The Cannonball Bookmobile"
The Pet Set Herself Recurring Role episodes
O Hara U S Treasury Herself Episode "Operation Lady Luck"
The Odd Couple Herself Episode "Password"
Lucas Tanner Lydia Merrick Episode "The Noise of a Quiet Weekend"
Ellery Queen Louise Demery Episode "The Adventure of Miss Aggie s Farewell Performance"
The Carol Burnett Show Various Recurring Role episodes
The Sonny and Cher Show Herself Guest Role episodes
Liar s Club Game Show Herself Recurring Role episodes
The Mary Tyler Moore Show Sue Ann Nivens Main Cast episodes
The Betty White Show Joyce Whitman Lead Role episodes
The Hanna Barbera Happy Hour Voice Teacher episode
Best of the West Episode "Mail Order Bride"
The Pyramid Herself Recurring Role episodes
Love Sidney Charlotte Episode "Charlotte s Web"
Just Men Herself Lead Role episodes
Fame Catherine Episode "Sunshine Again"
Hotel Wilma Klein Episode "Outsiders"
St Elsewhere Capt Gloria Neal Episodes "Red White Black and Blue" and "Close Encounters"
The Love Boat Various Guest Role episodes
Who s the Boss Bobby Barnes Episodes "Eye on Angela" and "Thanksgiving at Mrs Rossini s"
Mama s Family Ellen Harper Jackson Recurring Role episodes
Santa Barbara Cameo Guest Role episodes
Another World Brenda Barlowe Special Guest Star
Carol Company Trisha Durant Episode "Trisha Springs Eternal"
Nurses Rose Nylund Episode "Begone with the Wind"
Empty Nest Rose Nylund Guest Role episodes
The Golden Girls Rose Nylund Main Role episodes
The Golden Palace Rose Nylund Lead Role episodes
Bob Sylvia Schmidt Main Cast episodes
Diagnosis Murder Dora Sloan Episode "Death by Extermination"
The Naked Truth Herself Episodes "Elvis Is Coming " and "Star and Comet Collide Giant Bugs Invade "
Maybe This Time Shirley Wallace Main Role episodes
Suddenly Susan Midge Haber Episode "Golden Girl Friday"
The Lionhearts Dorothy voice episodes
L A Doctors Mrs Brooks Episode "Leap of Faith"
Hercules Hestia voice Episode "Hercules and the Tiff on Olympus"
Ally McBeal Dr Shirley Flott Episode "Seeing Green"
The Wild Thornberrys Sophie Hunter voice episodes
Ladies Man Mitzi Stiles Main Role episodes
The Ellen Show Connie Gibson Episode "Missing the Bus"
Teacher s Pet Granny voice Episode "The Turkey That Came for Dinner"
Yes Dear Sylvia Episode "Kim s New Nanny"
Providence Julianna Episode "The Heart of the Matter"
King of the Hill Dorothy Ellen Delia voice Guest Role episodes
That s Show Bea Sigurdson Recurring Role episodes
Grim Evil Mrs Doolin voice Episode "Who Killed Who Tween Wolf"
Gary the Rat Gary s Mother voice Episode "This Is Not a Pipe"
I m with Her Herself Episode "Meet the Parent"
The Practice Catherine Piper episodes
Everwood Carol Roberts Episodes "Unhappy Holidays" and "Your Future Awaits"
My Wife and Kids Mrs June Hopkins Episode "The Maid"
Malcolm in the Middle Sylvia Episode "Victor s Other Family"
Complete Savages Mrs Riley Episodes "The Man Without a Ball" and "Saving Old Lady Riley"
Joey Margaret Bly Episode "Joey and the House"
Higglytown Heroes Grandma voice Episode Calling All Heroes
Ugly Betty Herself Episode "Bananas for Betty"
Boston Legal Catherine Piper Main Role episodes
My Name Is Earl Mrs Weezmer Episode "The Witch Lady"
Rock Herself Episode "Stone Mountain"
The Bold and the Beautiful Ann Douglas Recurring Role episodes
The Middle Mrs Nethercott Episode "Average Rules"
Saturday Night Live Herself Episode "Betty White Jay Z"
Hot in Cleveland Elka Ostrovsky Main Role episodes
Glenn Martin DDS Grandma Shelia Martin voice Guest Role episodes
Community Professor June Bauer Episodes "Anthropology " and "The Psychology of Letting Go"
Pound Puppies Agatha McLeish voice Main Cast episodes
present Betty White s Off Their Rockers Herself
The Client List Ruth Hudson Episode "Past Is Prologue"
Save Me God Episode "Holier Than Thou"
Mickey Mouse Old Lady voice Episode "New York Weenie"
The Soul Man Elka Ostrovsky Episode "All the Way Live"
Saturday Night Live Grandmother The Californians
present Betty White s Smartest Animals in America Herself Host
Bones Dr Beth Mayer Guest Star
Books edit Betty White s Pet Love How Pets Take Care of Us
Betty White In Person
The Leading Lady Dinah s Story
Here We Go Again My Life In Television
Together A Novel of shared vision
If You Ask Me And of Course You Won t
Betty Friends My Life at the Zoo
Awards edit Year Award Category Work Result
Emmy Award Best Actress Life with Elizabeth Nominated
Emmy Award outstanding female personality Life with Elizabeth Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series The Mary Tyler Moore Show Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series The Mary Tyler Moore Show Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series The Mary Tyler Moore Show Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Game Show Host Just Men Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Game Show Host Just Men Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Won
Golden Apple Award Female Star of the Year Won
Golden Globes Best Actress Television Series Musical or Comedy The Golden Girls Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Nominated
Golden Globes Best Actress Television Series Musical or Comedy The Golden Girls Nominated
American Comedy Awards Funniest Female Performer in a TV Series Leading Role Network Cable or Syndication The Golden Girls Won
Viewers for Quality Television Best Actress in a Quality Comedy Series The Golden Girls Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Nominated
Golden Globes Best Actress Television Series Musical or Comedy The Golden Girls Nominated
Viewers for Quality Television Best Actress in a Quality Comedy Series The Golden Girls Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Nominated
Golden Globes Best Actress Television Series Musical or Comedy The Golden Girls Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Nominated
American Comedy Awards Funniest Female Performer in a TV Series Leading Role Network Cable or Syndication The Golden Girls Nominated
American Comedy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series The Golden Girls Nominated
Walk of Fame Star on the Walk of Fame Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series The John Larroquette Show Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Suddenly Susan Nominated
American Comedy Awards Funniest Female Guest Appearance in a TV Series Ally McBeal Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Yes Dear Nominated
TV Land Awards Quintessential Non Traditional Family Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series The Practice Nominated
TV Land Awards Groundbreaking Show Won
TV Land Awards Pop Culture Award Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series My Name Is Earl Nominated
Television Critics Association Career Achievement Award Won
Disney Legends Disney Legends Won
Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award Won
BAFTA Awards Excellence in Comedy Won
MTV Movie Awards Best WTF Moment The Proposal Nominated
MTV Movie Awards Best Comedic Performance The Proposal Nominated
Teen Choice Award Best Dance with Sandra Bullock The Proposal Won
Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Saturday Night Live Won
NewNowNext Awards Cause You re Hot Nominated
People s Choice Awards Favorite TV Guest Star Community Nominated
People s Choice Awards Favorite Web Celeb Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series Hot in Cleveland Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Hot in Cleveland Won
Gracie Allen Awards Best Actress in a Comedy Series Hot in Cleveland Won
The Comedy Awards Best Actress in a TV Comedy Hot in Cleveland Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Hot in Cleveland Nominated
UCLA Jack Benny Award Comedian Won
Grammy Awards Best Spoken Word Recording If You Ask Me And of Course You Won t Won
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by Female Actor in a Comedy Series Hot in Cleveland Won
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie The Lost Valentine Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality Competition Program Betty White s Off Their Rockers Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by Female Actor in a Comedy Series Hot in Cleveland Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality Competition Program Betty White s Off Their Rockers Nominated
Emmy Awards Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality Competition Program Betty White s Off Their Rockers Nominated
People s Choice Awards TV icon Herself
Eddie Deezen
Taylor Emerson
Craig Ferguson
Flea
Michael Jackson
Tom Kenny
Richard Kind
Andrew Lawrence
Edie McClurg
Ian Meltzer
John O Hurley
Wallace Shawn Freddy
Justin Shenkarow
Liz Sroka
Ben Stein
Jeffrey Tambor Hank
Whitney Taubman
Betty White Dorothy
Crew edit Maria Estrada Casting and Voice Director
Randy Crenshaw Theme Song Performer
Airing history edit The series aired on syndication in the United States and was also seen in Australia and Latin America translated into Spanish as Los Corazσn de Leσn A DVD release is not yet planned at this time however all episodes use to be available on Hulu
Mother Goose and Grimm
Catwalk
Conan the Adventurer
The Pink Panther
Transformers Generation
The Baby Huey Show
ReBoot
Mutant League
Action Man
Littlest Pet Shop
Richie Rich
G I Joe Extreme
Vor Tech Undercover Conversion Squad
Beast Wars Transformers
All Dogs Go to Heaven The Series
Mummies Alive
The Lionhearts
Syndicated re run series packaged by Columbia Pictures Television
Syndicated re runs only Claster roughly edited two minutes to fit in commercials
Syndicated re runs only
Sequel to the former G I Joe series
"Enhanced" rebroadcast of the original series
Syndicated reruns plus new episodes
B Daman Crossfire
B Daman Fireblast
Idaten Jump
Yo Kai Watch
Animated films edit My Little Pony The Movie
My Little Pony A Very Minty Christmas
My Little Pony The Princess Promenade
My Little Pony Crystal Princess The Runaway Rainbow
My Little Pony A Very Pony Place
My Little Pony Twinkle Wish Adventure
The Transformers The Movie
G I Joe The Movie
G I Joe Spy Troops
G I Joe Valor vs Venom
G I Joe Ninja Battles
Inhumanoids The Movie
Star Fairies
GoBots Battle of the Rock Lords
Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw
Action Man Robot Atak
Action Man X Missions The Movie
Live action films edit Clue
Dungeons Dragons
Dungeons Dragons Wrath of the Dragon God
Dungeons Dragons The Book of Vile Darkness
The Game of Life
The Grape Escape
Magic The Gathering Hasbro s top selling brand
Mirror Mirror Winner of ITV s "Design a Board Game Competition"
Monopoly best selling board game ever according to the Guinness World Records
Ouija
Pictionary
Risk
Scrabble
Trivial Pursuit
Hasbro also produces many variations of most of their games For example in addition to original Scrabble the game is also available as "Scrabble Deluxe Edition" "Scrabble Deluxe Travel Edition" "Scrabble Junior" and "Scrabble Onyx Edition"
Hasbro also offers games of physical skill such as
Bop It
Brain Warp
Bull s Eye Ball
Jenga
Hasbro also offers a memory game called Simon Swipe
In Hasbro began a short lived video game development and publishing venture called Hasbro Interactive but disbanded it in when it was bought by the now defunct Infogrames Now Hasbro develops video games based on its brands through third party developers and licensing strategies notably with major American companies such as Activision Electronic Arts and THQ Following the rise of smartphones and tablet PCs in the s as well as major video gaming publishers cutting back on releasing games based on licensed IPs for various reasons such as economic slumps several of Hasbro s brands were licensed towards mobile game developers such as Gameloft releasing their games under the label Hasbro Gaming
On February Hasbro announced that it would be introducing a musical toothbrush to the market The Tooth Tunes released in early transmits music from the jawbone to the ear when the bristles touch the teeth
Contents
Types
Accessories
Competition
See also
External links
Types edit VideoNow Plays only in black and white and lacks backlight Was made in
VideoNow Color Plays in color and backlit Was made in
VideoNow Jr Distributed through Playskool this is a variant of the VideoNow Color targeted towards preschoolers All VideoNow Jr branded PVDs have educational shows such as Dora the Explorer and Blue s Clues Unlike other VideoNow PVDs the VideoNow Jr branded ones are flexible making them more suitable for young children Was made in
VideoNow XP Plays in color backlit has a larger screen and includes game playing capabilities and controls Was made in
VideoNow Color FX A Translucent variation of the VideoNow Color Was made in
Accessories edit VideoNow light a light made for the original to confensate for the lack of backlight it was made obsolete when VideoNow Color came out in
Carrying case Made to place VideoNow and PVDs in There are types one for the original and one for the color There is also a version for the VideoNow Color FX that was the same but with the VideoNow Color FX logo while the Other one had the original logo and the VideoNow XP version
Headphones Made to allow kids to listen through headphones However it is useless as the VideoNow was compatible with any type of headphones
VideoNow Media Wizard A tool used to make custom PVDs
Competition edit Mattel Juice Box A system made to play shows just like the VideoNow It was criticized for having the very poor frame rate of FPS Uses SD cards
Game Boy Advance Video by Majesco A line of cartridges made for the Game Boy Advance GBA for short It held multiple episodes
PVD game playable on the VideoNow XP
The Story of Star Wars VideoNow version
The Story of Star Wars alongside the Revenge of the Sith DVD
The Story of Star Wars VideoNow version
AFI s Years Thrills Nominated
AFI s Years Heroes and Villains
Darth Vader No Villain
AFI s Years Movie Quotes
"I am your father " Nominated
"Do or do not There is no try " Nominated
AFI s Years Movies th Anniversary Edition Nominated
Soundtrack edit Main article The Empire Strikes Back soundtrack
The musical score of The Empire Strikes Back was composed and conducted by John Williams and it was performed by the London Symphony Orchestra at a cost of about In the company RSO Records published this film s original musical score as both a double LP album and as an track cartridge in the United States Its front cover artwork features the mask of Darth Vader against a backdrop of outer space as seen on the advance theatrical poster for the film
In the first Compact disc CD issue of the film score was made by the company Polydor Records which had absorbed both RSO Records and its music catalog Polydor Records used a shorter one compact disc edition of the music as their master In th Century Fox Film Scores released a special boxed set of four compact discs the Star Wars Trilogy The Original Soundtrack Anthology This anthology included the film scores of all three members of the original Star Wars Trilogy in separate CDs even though there was significant overlap between the three such as the Star Wars theme music
In the record company RCA Victor released a definitive two CD set to accompany the publications of all three of the Special Editions of the films of the Star Wars Trilogy This original limited edition set of CDs featured a page black booklet that was enclosed within a protective outer slip case The covers of the booklet and of the slip case have selections from the poster art of the Star Wars Trilogy Special Edition All of the tracks have been digitally re mastered supposedly for superior clarity of sound
RCA Victor next re packaged the Special Edition set later on in offering it in slim line jewel case packaging as an unlimited edition but without the packaging that the original "black booklet" version offered
In the Sony Classical Records company purchased the sales rights of the original trilogy s musical scoresprimarily because it already had the sales rights of the music from the trilogy of prequels The Phantom Menace Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith Hence in the Sony Classical company began manufacturing copies of the film score CDs that RCA Victor had been making since including the one for The Empire Strikes Back This set was made with new cover artwork similar to that of the film s first publication on DVD Despite the digital re mastering by Sony Classical their CD version made and sold since is essentially the same as the version by RCA Victor
Other media edit Novelization edit Main article The Empire Strikes Back novel
A novelization of the film was released on April and published by the company Del Rey Books The novelization was written by Donald F Glut and it was based on the screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan Leigh Brackett and George Lucas
This novelization was originally published as Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back However the later editions have been renamed Star Wars Episode V The Empire Strikes Back to conform with the change in the titles of the Star Wars saga Like the other novelizations of the Star Wars Trilogy background information is added to explain the happenings of the story beyond that which is depicted on screen citation needed
Comic book adaptation edit Main article Star Wars comics
Marvel Comics published a comic book adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back which was written by Archie Goodwin and illustrated by Al Williamson and Carlos Garzon It was published simultaneously in four formats as a magazine Marvel Super Special an oversized tabloid edition Marvel Special Edition Featuring Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back as a serialized comic book and as a pocket book paper backed book In the paperback and tabloid versions which were published first and for which early concept designs were the only available art reference Yoda was given a quite different appearance than in the films Yoda is thinner he has long white hair and he has purple skin rather than green skin For the magazine and serialized comic book editions there was enough time for the artwork featuring Yoda to be revised extensively and his appearance was changed to match that in the film
Comic book historians and industry professionals have remarked that Marvel s Star Wars comics published in the years before The Empire Strikes Back include plot points similar to those later used in the film However the film s makers have not acknowledged receiving any inspiration from the comic books
Book and record set edit Lucasfilm adapted the story for a children s book and record set Released in the page Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back read along book was accompanied by a ? rpm inch gramophone record Each page of the book contained a cropped frame from the film with an abridged and condensed version of the story The record was produced by
Buena Vista Records
Video games edit Main article List of Star Wars video games
Video games based on the film have been released on several consoles Additionally several Star Wars video games feature or mention key events seen in the film but are not entirely based upon the film In Parker Brothers released Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back for the Atari games console which featured the speeder attack on the AT ATs on Hoth The arcade game Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back followed in The game features familiar battle sequences and characters played from a first person perspective Specific battles include the Battle of Hoth and the subsequent escape of the Millennium Falcon through an asteroid field A conversion was released in for the ZX Spectrum Amstrad CPC Commodore BBC Micro Atari ST and Commodore Amiga
In JVC released the LucasArts developed video game also titled Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back for the Nintendo Entertainment System NES console The player assumes the role of Luke Skywalker and maneuvers through Skywalker s story as seen in the film In Ubisoft released a version for the Game Boy Like its previous incarnation it follows the story of Luke Skywalker Super Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back was developed for the console Super Nintendo Entertainment System SNES by LucasArts and was released by JVC in The SNES game is similar in spots to the NES release and is on a megabit cartridge
Radio adaptation edit Main article Star Wars radio
A radio play adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back was written by Brian Daley and was produced for and broadcast on the National Public Radio network in the U S during It was based on characters and situations created by George Lucas and on the screenplay by Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan Its director was John Madden with sound mixing and post production work done by Tom Voegeli citation needed
Mark Hamill Billy Dee Williams and Anthony Daniels carried forward their roles as the voices of Luke Skywalker Lando Calrissian and C PO respectively The actor John Lithgow presented Yoda s voice This radio play was designed to last for five hours of radio time usually presented in more than one part Radio agencies estimate that about people tuned in to listen to this series radio play beginning on February In terms of the canonical Star Wars story this radio drama has been given the highest designation G canon
v t e Star Wars
George Lucas Lucasfilm
Films Saga Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back Return of the Jedi The Phantom Menace Attack of the Clones Revenge of the Sith The Force Awakens
Other The Clone Wars Rogue One
Television The Clone Wars cast episodes Rebels Future live action series TBA
Setting Architecture Characters Jedi Sith Creatures Languages Philosophy and religion The Force Physics Planets and moons Technology weapons blaster Death Star Lightsaber
Production Canon Holocron Cast Changes in re releases Filming locations Music Opening crawl Sequel trilogy Sources and analogues
Legends Multimedia Shadows of the Empire Knights of the Old Republic The Force Unleashed The Old Republic
Television Holiday Special Caravan of Courage The Battle for Endor Droids Ewoks Clone Wars episodes The Yoda Chronicles Droid Tales Detours TBA
Books Comics list Games Manga Non fiction books Lego sets Radio Video games list Lego Star Wars
Cultural impact Attractions Star Wars Land Star Tours The Adventures Continue Jedi Training Academy Star Wars Weekends Star Wars Where Science Meets Imagination
Parodies Spaceballs Thumb Wars George Lucas in Love Laugh It Up Fuzzball Robot Chicken Star Wars The People vs George Lucas
st Legion Fan films Jedi census Star Wars Celebration Star Wars Day Star Wars In Concert Star Wars Insider Wookieepedia TheForce Net
Related topics Comparison to Star Trek
Hazardous Substances Data Bank
electron microscopy data bank
Dortmund Data Bank
Casio Databank
conformational dynamics data bank
Databank Systems Limited a former New Zealand banking agency
Migration edit See also section Database migration in article Data migration
A database built with one DBMS is not portable to another DBMS i e the other DBMS cannot run it However in some situations it is desirable to move migrate a database from one DBMS to another The reasons are primarily economical different DBMSs may have different total costs of ownership or TCOs functional and operational different DBMSs may have different capabilities The migration involves the database s transformation from one DBMS type to another The transformation should maintain if possible the database related application i e all related application programs intact Thus the database s conceptual and external architectural levels should be maintained in the transformation It may be desired that also some aspects of the architecture internal level are maintained A complex or large database migration may be a complicated and costly one time project by itself which should be factored into the decision to migrate This in spite of the fact that tools may exist to help migration between specific DBMSs Typically a DBMS vendor provides tools to help importing databases from other popular DBMSs
Building maintaining and tuning edit Main article Database tuning
After designing a database for an application the next stage is building the database Typically an appropriate general purpose DBMS can be selected to be utilized for this purpose A DBMS provides the needed user interfaces to be utilized by database administrators to define the needed application s data structures within the DBMS s respective data model Other user interfaces are used to select needed DBMS parameters like security related storage allocation parameters etc
When the database is ready all its data structures and other needed components are defined it is typically populated with initial application s data database initialization which is typically a distinct project in many cases using specialized DBMS interfaces that support bulk insertion before making it operational In some cases the database becomes operational while empty of application data and data is accumulated during its operation
After the database is created initialised and populated it needs to be maintained Various database parameters may need changing and the database may need to be tuned tuning for better performance application s data structures may be changed or added new related application programs may be written to add to the application s functionality etc
Backup and restore edit Main article Backup
Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state for many reasons e g cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error or if it has been updated with erroneous data To achieve this a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously where each desired database state i e the values of its data and their embedding in database s data structures is kept within dedicated backup files many techniques exist to do this effectively When this state is needed i e when it is decided by a database administrator to bring the database back to this state e g by specifying this state by a desired point in time when the database was in this state these files are utilized to restore that state
Static Analysis edit Static analysis techniques for software verification can be applied also in the scenario of query languages In particular the Abstract interpretation framework has been extended to the field of query languages for relational databases as a way to support sound approximation techniques The semantics of query languages can be tuned according to suitable abstractions of the concrete domain of data The abstraction of relational database system has many interesting applications in particular for security purposes such as fine grained access control watermarking etc
Other edit Other DBMS features might include
Database logs
Graphics component for producing graphs and charts especially in a data warehouse system
Query optimizer Performs query optimization on every query to choose for it the most efficient query plan a partial order tree of operations to be executed to compute the query result May be specific to a particular storage engine
Tools or hooks for database design application programming application program maintenance database performance analysis and monitoring database configuration monitoring DBMS hardware configuration a DBMS and related database may span computers networks and storage units and related database mapping especially for a distributed DBMS storage allocation and database layout monitoring storage migration
Underwater motion capture camera An animation database is a database which stores fragments of animations or human movements and which can be accessed analyzed and queried to develop and assemble new animations Given that the manual generation of a large amount of animation can be time consuming and expensive an animation database can assist users in building animations by using existing components and sharing animation fragments
Early examples of animation databases include the system MOVE which used an object oriented database Modern animation databases can be populated via the extraction of skeletal animations from motion capture data
Other examples include crowd simulation in which a number of people are simulated as a crowd Given that in some applications the people need to be walking at different speeds say on a sidewalk the animation database can be used to retrieve and merge different animated figures The method is mainly known as "motion graphs"
Animation databases can also be used for "interactive storytelling" in which fragments of animations are retrieved from the animation database and are recycled to combine into new stories For instance the animation database called Animebase is used within the system Words Anime to help generate animations using recycled components In this approach the user may input words which form parts of a story and queries against the database help select suitable animation fragments This type of system may indeed use two databases an animation database as well as a story knowledge database The story knowledge database may use subjects predicates and objects to refer to story fragments The system then assists the user in matching between story fragments and animation fragments
Animation databases can also be used for the generation of visual scenes using humanoid models An example application has been the development of an animated humanoid based sign language system to help the disabled
Another application of an animation database is in the synthesis of idle motion for human characters Human beings move all the time and in unique ways and the presentation of a consistent and realistic set of idle motions for each character between different animation segments has been a challenge e g each person has a unique way of standing and this needs to be represented in a realistic way throughout an animation One of the problems is that idle motion affects all joints and simply showing statistical movements at each joint results in less than realistic portrayals One approach to solving this problem is to use an animation database with a large set of pre recorded human movements and obtain the suitable patterns of motion from the database through statistical analysis
Motion tracking in swimming by using image processingMeasurement volume edit A Underwater camera is typically able to measure meters depending on the water quality the camera and the type of marker used Unsurprisingly the best range is achieved when the water is clear and like always the measurement volume is also dependent on the number of cameras A range of underwater markers are available for different circumstances
Tailored edit Different pools require different mountings and fixtures Therefore all underwater motion capture systems are uniquely tailored to suit each specific pool installment For cameras placed in the center of the pool specially designed tripods using suction cups are provided
Markerless edit Emerging techniques and research in computer vision are leading to the rapid development of the markerless approach to motion capture Markerless systems such as those developed at Stanford University the University of Maryland MIT and the Max Planck Institute do not require subjects to wear special equipment for tracking Special computer algorithms are designed to allow the system to analyze multiple streams of optical input and identify human forms breaking them down into constituent parts for tracking ESC entertainment a subsidiary of Warner Brothers Pictures created specially to enable virtual cinematography including photorealistic digital look alikes for filming the Matrix Reloaded and Matrix Revolutions movies and used a technique called Universal Capture that utilized camera setup and the tracking the optical flow of all pixels over all the D planes of the cameras for motion gesture and facial expression capture leading to photorealistic results
Traditional systems edit Traditionally markerless optical motion tracking is used to keep track on various objects including airplanes launch vehicles missiles and satellites Many of such optical motion tracking applications occur outdoors requiring differing lens and camera configurations High resolution images of the target being tracked can thereby provide more information than just motion data The image obtained from NASA s long range tracking system on space shuttle Challenger s fatal launch provided crucial evidence about the cause of the accident Optical tracking systems are also used to identify known spacecraft and space debris despite the fact that it has a disadvantage over radar in that the objects must be reflecting or emitting sufficient light
An optical tracking system typically consists of subsystems the optical imaging system the mechanical tracking platform and the tracking computer
The optical imaging system is responsible for converting the light from the target area into digital image that the tracking computer can process Depending on the design of the optical tracking system the optical imaging system can vary from as simple as a standard digital camera to as specialized as an astronomical telescope on the top of a mountain The specification of the optical imaging system determines the upper limit of the effective range of the tracking system
The mechanical tracking platform holds the optical imaging system and is responsible for manipulating the optical imaging system in such a way that it always points to the target being tracked The dynamics of the mechanical tracking platform combined with the optical imaging system determines the tracking system s ability to keep the lock on a target that changes speed rapidly
The tracking computer is responsible for capturing the images from the optical imaging system analyzing the image to extract target position and controlling the mechanical tracking platform to follow the target There are several challenges First the tracking computer has to be able to capture the image at a relatively high frame rate This posts a requirement on the bandwidth of the image capturing hardware The second challenge is that the image processing software has to be able to extract the target image from its background and calculate its position Several textbook image processing algorithms are designed for this task This problem can be simplified if the tracking system can expect certain characteristics that is common in all the targets it will track The next problem down the line is to control the tracking platform to follow the target This is a typical control system design problem rather than a challenge which involves modeling the system dynamics and designing controllers to control it This will however become a challenge if the tracking platform the system has to work with is not designed for real time
The software that runs such systems are also customized for the corresponding hardware components One example of such software is OpticTracker which controls computerized telescopes to track moving objects at great distances such as planes and satellites An other option is the software SimiShape which can also be used hybrid in combination with markers
Non optical systems edit Inertial systems edit Inertial Motion Capture technology is based on miniature inertial sensors biomechanical models and sensor fusion algorithms The motion data of the inertial sensors inertial guidance system is often transmitted wirelessly to a computer where the motion is recorded or viewed Most inertial systems use gyroscopes to measure rotational rates These rotations are translated to a skeleton in the software Much like optical markers the more gyros the more natural the data No external cameras emitters or markers are needed for relative motions although they are required to give the absolute position of the user if desired Inertial motion capture systems capture the full six degrees of freedom body motion of a human in real time and can give limited direction information if they include a magnetic bearing sensor although these are much lower resolution and susceptible to electromagnetic noise Benefits of using Inertial systems include no solving portability and large capture areas Disadvantages include floating where the user looks like a marionette on strings lower positional accuracy and positional drift which can compound over time These systems are similar to the Wii controllers but are more sensitive and have greater resolution and update rates They can accurately measure the direction to the ground to within a degree The popularity of inertial systems is rising amongst independent game developers mainly because of the quick and easy set up resulting in a fast pipeline A range of suits are now available from various manufacturers and base prices range from to USD Ironically the systems use newer chips and sensors and are wireless taking advantage of the next generation of inertial sensors and wireless devices
Mechanical motion edit Mechanical motion capture systems directly track body joint angles and are often referred to as exoskeleton motion capture systems due to the way the sensors are attached to the body A performer attaches the skeletal like structure to their body and as they move so do the articulated mechanical parts measuring the performer s relative motion Mechanical motion capture systems are real time relatively low cost free of occlusion and wireless untethered systems that have unlimited capture volume Typically they are rigid structures of jointed straight metal or plastic rods linked together with potentiometers that articulate at the joints of the body These suits tend to be in the to range plus an external absolute positioning system Some suits provide limited force feedback or haptic input
Magnetic systems edit Magnetic systems calculate position and orientation by the relative magnetic flux of three orthogonal coils on both the transmitter and each receiver The relative intensity of the voltage or current of the three coils allows these systems to calculate both range and orientation by meticulously mapping the tracking volume The sensor output is DOF which provides useful results obtained with two thirds the number of markers required in optical systems one on upper arm and one on lower arm for elbow position and angle The markers are not occluded by nonmetallic objects but are susceptible to magnetic and electrical interference from metal objects in the environment like rebar steel reinforcing bars in concrete or wiring which affect the magnetic field and electrical sources such as monitors lights cables and computers The sensor response is nonlinear especially toward edges of the capture area The wiring from the sensors tends to preclude extreme performance movements The capture volumes for magnetic systems are dramatically smaller than they are for optical systems With the magnetic systems there is a distinction between AC and DC systems one uses square pulses the other uses sine wave pulse
Related techniques edit Facial motion capture edit Main article Facial motion capture
Most traditional motion capture hardware vendors provide for some type of low resolution facial capture utilizing anywhere from to markers with either an active or passive marker system All of these solutions are limited by the time it takes to apply the markers calibrate the positions and process the data Ultimately the technology also limits their resolution and raw output quality levels
High fidelity facial motion capture also known as performance capture is the next generation of fidelity and is utilized to record the more complex movements in a human face in order to capture higher degrees of emotion Facial capture is currently arranging itself in several distinct camps including traditional motion capture data blend shaped based solutions capturing the actual topology of an actor s face and proprietary systems
The two main techniques are stationary systems with an array of cameras capturing the facial expressions from multiple angles and using software such as the stereo mesh solver from OpenCV to create a D surface mesh or to use light arrays as well to calculate the surface normals from the variance in brightness as the light source camera position or both are changed These techniques tend to be only limited in feature resolution by the camera resolution apparent object size and number of cameras If the users face is percent of the working area of the camera and a camera has megapixel resolution then sub millimeter facial motions can be detected by comparing frames Recent work is focusing on increasing the frame rates and doing optical flow to allow the motions to be retargeted to other computer generated faces rather than just making a D Mesh of the actor and their expressions
RF positioning edit RF radio frequency positioning systems are becoming more viable as higher frequency RF devices allow greater precision than older RF technologies such as traditional radar The speed of light is centimeters per nanosecond billionth of a second so a gigahertz billion cycles per second RF signal enables an accuracy of about centimeters By measuring amplitude to a quarter wavelength it is possible to improve the resolution down to about mm To achieve the resolution of optical systems frequencies of gigahertz or higher are needed which are almost as line of sight and as easy to block as optical systems Multipath and reradiation of the signal are likely to cause additional problems but these technologies will be ideal for tracking larger volumes with reasonable accuracy since the required resolution at meter distances is not likely to be as high Many RF scientists believe that radio frequency will never produce the accuracy required for motion capture
Non traditional systems edit An alternative approach was developed where the actor is given an unlimited walking area through the use of a rotating sphere similar to a hamster ball which contains internal sensors recording the angular movements removing the need for external cameras and other equipment Even though this technology could potentially lead to much lower costs for motion capture the basic sphere is only capable of recording a single continuous direction Additional sensors worn on the person would be needed to record anything more
Another alternative is using a DOF Degrees of freedom motion platform with an integrated omni directional treadmill with high resolution optical motion capture to achieve the same effect The captured person can walk in an unlimited area negotiating different uneven terrains Applications include medical rehabilitation for balance training biomechanical research and virtual reality
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History edit The Sayre Glove created by Electronic Visualization Laboratory in was the first wired glove
In Thomas G Zimmerman filed a patent US Patent on an optical flex sensor mounted in a glove to measure finger bending Zimmerman worked with Jaron Lanier to incorporate ultrasonic and magnetic hand position tracking technology to create the Power Glove and Data Glove respectively US Patent filed The optical flex sensor used in the Data Glove was invented by Young L Harvill who scratched the fiber near the finger joint to make it locally sensitive to bending
One of the first wired gloves available to home users in was the Nintendo Power Glove This was designed as a gaming glove for the Nintendo Entertainment System It had a crude tracker and finger bend sensors plus buttons on the back The resistive sensors in the PowerGlove were also used by hobbyists to create their own datagloves
This was followed by the CyberGlove created by Virtual Technologies Inc in Virtual Technologies was acquired by Immersion Corporation in September In the CyberGlove line of products was divested by Immersion Corporation and a new company CyberGlove Systems LLC took over development manufacturing and sales of the CyberGlove
In addition to the CyberGlove Immersion Corp also developed three other data glove products the CyberTouch which vibrates each individual finger of the glove when a finger touches an object in virtual reality the CyberGrasp which actually simulates squeezing and touching of solid as well as spongy objects and the CyberForce device which does all of the above and also measures the precise motion of the user s entire arm
In the P Glove was released In normal applications it worked as a two dimensional mouse and a few computer games were specially adapted to provide " D" support for it The P glove is compatible with Microsoft Windows XP and Mac OS version or below Unofficial drivers for Linux exist as well While it received some positive reviews from gadget and gaming magazines its lack of compatible software and other issues caused it to remain a novelty citation needed It has since been discontinued
Following the P Glove is th Glove A data glove and flexor strip kit th Glove DFK sold by Fifth Dimension Technologies The package uses flexible optical bending sensing to track hand and arm movement The glove can be used with DT s ultrasonic tracking system the DT Head and DT Hand tracker which can track movement from up to two metres away from the unit s transmitter
Concerned about the high cost of the most complete commercial solutions Pamplona et al propose a new input device an image based data glove IBDG By attaching a camera to the hand of the user and a visual marker to each finger tip they use computer vision techniques to estimate the relative position of the finger tips Once they have information about the tips they apply inverse kinematics techniques in order to estimate the position of each finger joint and recreate the movements of the fingers of the user in a virtual world Adding a motion tracker device one can also map pitch yaw roll and XYZ translations of the hand of the user almost recreating all the gesture and posture performed by the hand of the user in a low cost device
Alternatives edit An alternative to wired gloves is to use a camera and computer vision to track the D pose and trajectory of the hand at the cost of tactile feedback
Popular culture edit The film adaptation of Minority Report makes use of wireless gloves to control futuristic computer like peripherals
The Nintendo Power Glove was prominently shown off in Nintendo s product placement film The Wizard memorably wielded by antagonist Lucas Barton Jackey Vinson
Academic and Research Projects edit The concept of a wired glove has been traditionally popular in the research and engineering community Engineers continue to develop prototypes that use innovative sensor technologies and architectures to achieve the goal of gesture recognition For example one such project is the Smart Glove developed in by the then electronics engineering students Arvind Ramana Subramanian KS Suresh and Shiva This project was an innovative design making interesting use of hall effect switches and custom home made bend sensors
Notable alumni
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History edit The school was designed by Eliot B Willauer of the notable architectural firm Eggers Higgins architects on the Thomas Jefferson Memorial as part of the Board of Education s half billion dollar post World War II expansion program
The school opened in as the East Queens High School but was later renamed after the th President of the United States Martin Van Buren
Notable alumni edit This is a partial list of notable alumni of Martin Van Buren High School
Jon Bauman Class of Sha Na Na
Abby Joseph Cohen Class of economist and financial analyst
Donny Deutsch Class of advertising executive and television personality
Ilene Graff Class of American actress and singer
Madeline Kahn Class of movie actress and singer
Arthur Kane member of the New York Dolls
Ray Kurzweil Class of inventor and futurist
Robert Mapplethorpe photographer
Rob Parker Class of sports columnist and TV personality
Tom Pecora head men s basketball coach of Fordham University
Julian Phillips Class of television personality
Alvin Roth Nobel prize winner in economics
Mario Savio Class of American political rights activist
Lynne Stewart Class of imprisoned civil rights lawyer
Frank Wilczek awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics
Thomas G Zimmerman Class of inventor of DataGlove used in Virtual Reality
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