in The Rolling Stone Interview that The Beatles were bigger than Jesus in those years As preparations were made for the US tour the Beatles knew that their music would hardly be heard Having originally used Vox AC amplifiers they later acquired more powerful watt amplifiers specially designed by Vox for them as they moved into larger venues in but these were still inadequate Struggling to compete with the volume of sound generated by screaming fans the band had grown increasingly bored with the routine of performing live Recognising that their shows were no longer about the music they decided to make the August tour their last Revolver and Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band Eleanor Rigby Sorry your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser Sample of Eleanor Rigby from Revolver The album involves innovative compositional approaches arrangements and recording techniques This song primarily written by McCartney prominently features classical strings in a novel fusion of musical styles Problems playing this file See media help The Beatles on the set of the promotional shoot for Paperback Writer in The promotional film was among the first of its kind Rubber Soul had marked a major step forward Revolver released in August a week before the Beatles final tour marked another Pitchfork s Scott Plagenhoef identifies it as the sound of a band growing into supreme confidence and redefining what was expected from popular music Revolver featured sophisticated songwriting studio experimentation and a greatly expanded repertoire of musical styles ranging from innovative classical string arrangements to psychedelic rock

Abandoning the customary group photograph its cover – designed by Klaus Voormann a friend of the band since their Hamburg days – was a stark arty black and white collage that caricatured the Beatles in a pen and ink style beholden to Aubrey Beardsley in Gould s description The album was preceded by the single Paperback Writer backed by Rain Short promotional films were made for both songs described by cultural historian Saul Austerlitz as among the first true music videos they aired on The Ed Sullivan Show and Top of the Pops in June Among the experimental songs that Revolver featured was Tomorrow Never Knows the lyrics for which Lennon drew from Timothy Leary s The Psychedelic Experience A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead Its creation involved eight tape decks distributed about the EMI building each manned by an engineer or band member who randomly varied the movement of a tape loop while Martin created a composite recording by sampling the incoming data McCartney s Eleanor Rigby made prominent use of a string octet Gould describes it as a true hybrid conforming to no recognisable style or genre of song Harrison was developing as a songwriter and three of his compositions earned a place on the record In Rolling Stone ranked Revolver as the third greatest album of all time During the US tour that followed its release however the band performed none of its songs As Chris Ingham writes they were very much studio creations and there was no way a four piece rock n roll group could do them justice particularly through the desensitising wall of the fans screams Live Beatles and Studio Beatles had become entirely different beasts The band s final concert at San Francisco s Candlestick Park on August was their last commercial concert It marked the end of a four year period dominated by almost nonstop touring that included over concert appearances internationally Freed from the burden of touring the Beatles embraced an increasingly experimental approach as they recorded Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band beginning in late November According to engineer Geoff Emerick the album s recording took over hours He recalled the band s insistence that everything on Sgt Pepper had to be different We had microphones right down in the bells of brass instruments and headphones turned into microphones attached to violins We used giant primitive oscillators to vary the speed of instruments and vocals and we had tapes chopped to pieces and stuck together upside down and the wrong way around Parts of A Day in the Life featured a piece orchestra The sessions initially yielded the non album double A side single Strawberry Fields Forever Penny Lane in February the Sgt Pepper LP followed in June The musical complexity of the records created using relatively primitive four track recording technology astounded contemporary artists For Beach Boys leader Brian Wilson then in the midst of a personal crisis and struggling at the time to complete the ambitious Smile hearing Strawberry Fields was reported as one of many elements that contributed to the project s collapse nb Among music critics acclaim for the album was virtually universal Gould writes The overwhelming consensus is that the Beatles had created a popular masterpiece a rich sustained and overflowing work of collaborative genius whose bold ambition and startling originality dramatically enlarged the possibilities and raised the expectations of what the experience of listening to popular music on record could be On the basis of this perception Sgt Pepper became the catalyst for an explosion of mass enthusiasm for album formatted rock that would revolutionise both the aesthetics and the economics of the record business in ways that far outstripped the earlier pop explosions triggered by the Elvis phenomenon of and the Beatlemania phenomenon of Front cover of Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band the most famous cover of any music album and one of the most imitated images in the world Sgt Pepper was the first major pop rock LP to include its complete lyrics which appeared on the back cover Those lyrics were the subject of critical analysis for instance in late the album was the subject of a scholarly inquiry by American literary critic and professor of English Richard Poirier who observed that his students were listening to the group s music with a degree of engagement that he as a teacher of literature could only envy Poirier identified what he termed its mixed allusiveness It s unwise ever to assume that they re doing only one thing or expressing themselves in only one style one kind of feeling about a subject isn t enough any single induced feeling must often exist within the context of seemingly contradictory alternatives McCartney said at the time We write songs We know what we mean by them But in a week someone else says something about it and you can t deny it You put your own meaning at your own level to our songs In Rolling Stone ranked it number one on its list of the Greatest Albums of All Time Sgt Pepper s elaborate cover also attracted considerable interest and study A collage designed by pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth it depicted the group as the fictional band referred to in the album s title track standing in front of a crowd of famous people The heavy moustaches worn by the group reflected the growing influence of hippie style while cultural historian Jonathan Harris describes their brightly coloured parodies of military uniforms as a knowingly anti authoritarian and anti establishment display On June the Beatles performed their forthcoming single All You Need Is Love to an estimated million viewers on Our World the first live global television link Released a week later during the Summer of Love the song was adopted as a flower power anthem Two months later the group suffered a loss that threw their career into turmoil Having been introduced to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi only the previous night in London on August they travelled to Bangor for his Transcendental Meditation retreat Two days later their manager s assistant Peter Brown phoned to inform them that Epstein had died The coroner ruled the death an accidental carbitol overdose although it was widely rumoured to be a suicide Epstein had been in a fragile emotional state stressed by personal issues and concern that the band might not renew his management contract due to expire in October over discontent with his supervision of business matters particularly regarding Seltaeb the company that handled their US merchandising rights His death left the group disoriented and fearful about the future Lennon recalled We collapsed I knew that we were in trouble then I didn t really have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music and I was scared I thought We ve had it now Magical Mystery Tour the White Album and Yellow SubmarineMagical Mystery Tour the soundtrack to a forthcoming Beatles television film was released in the UK as a six track double extended play disc EP in early December In the United States the six songs were issued on an identically titled LP that also included five tracks from the band s recent singles Unterberger says of the US Magical Mystery Tour the psychedelic sound is very much in the vein of Sgt Pepper and even spacier in parts especially the sound collages of I Am the Walrus and he calls its five songs culled from the band s singles huge glorious and innovative In its first three weeks the album set a record for the highest initial sales of any Capitol LP and it is the only Capitol compilation later to be adopted in the band s official canon of studio albums First aired on Boxing Day the Magical Mystery Tour film largely directed by McCartney brought the group their first major negative UK press It was dismissed as blatant rubbish by the Daily Express the Daily Mail called it a colossal conceit and The Guardian labelled the film a kind of fantasy morality play about the grossness and warmth and stupidity of the audience Gould describes it as a great deal of raw footage showing a group of people getting on getting off and riding on a bus Although the viewership figures were respectable its slating in the press led US television networks to lose interest in broadcasting the film In January the Beatles filmed a cameo for the animated movie Yellow Submarine which featured cartoon versions of the band members and a soundtrack with eleven of their songs including four unreleased studio recordings that made their debut in the film Released in June the film was praised by critics for its music humour and innovative visual style It would be seven months however before the film s soundtrack album appeared The Beatles known as the White Album for its minimalist cover conceived by pop artist Richard Hamilton in direct contrast to Sgt Pepper while also suggesting a clean slate In the interim came The Beatles a double LP commonly known as the White Album for its virtually featureless cover Creative inspiration for the album came from a new direction without Epstein s guiding presence the group had briefly turned to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi as their guru At his ashram in Rishikesh India a Guide Course scheduled for three months marked one of their most prolific periods yielding numerous songs including a majority of the included on the album However Starr left after only ten days likening it to Butlins and McCartney eventually grew bored and departed a month later For Lennon and Harrison creativity turned to questioning when an electronics technician known as Magic Alex suggested that the Maharishi was attempting to manipulate them When he alleged that the Maharishi had made sexual advances to women attendees a persuaded Lennon left abruptly just two months into the course bringing an unconvinced Harrison and the remainder of the group s entourage with him In anger Lennon wrote a scathing song titled Maharishi renamed Sexy Sadie to avoid potential legal issues McCartney said We made a mistake We thought there was more to him than there was During recording sessions for the White Album which stretched from late May to mid October relations between the Beatles grew openly divisive Starr quit for two weeks and McCartney took over the drum kit for Back in the U S S R on which Harrison and Lennon drummed as well and Dear Prudence Lennon had lost interest in collaborating with McCartney whose contribution Ob La Di Ob La Da he scorned as granny music shit Tensions were further aggravated by Lennon s romantic preoccupation with avant garde artist Yoko Ono whom he insisted on bringing to the sessions despite the group s well established understanding that girlfriends were not allowed in the studio Describing the double album Lennon later said Every track is an individual track there isn t any Beatle music on it It s John and the band Paul and the band George and the band McCartney has recalled that the album wasn t a pleasant one to make Both he and Lennon identified the sessions as the start of the band s break up Issued in November the White Album was the band s first Apple Records album release although EMI continued to own their recordings The new label was a subsidiary of Apple Corps which Epstein had formed as part of his plan to create a tax effective business structure The record attracted more than million advance orders selling nearly million copies in the US in little over a month and its tracks dominated the playlists of American radio stations Despite its popularity it did not receive flattering reviews at the time According to Gould The critical response ranged from mixed to flat In marked contrast to Sgt Pepper which had helped to establish an entire genre of literate rock criticism the White Album inspired no critical writing of any note Even the most sympathetic reviewers clearly didn t know what to make of this shapeless outpouring of songs Newsweek s Hubert Saal citing the high proportion of parodies accused the group of getting their tongues caught in their cheeks General critical opinion eventually turned in favour of the White Album and in Rolling Stone ranked it as the tenth greatest album of all time Pitchfork s Mark Richardson describes it as large and sprawling overflowing with ideas but also with indulgences and filled with a hugely variable array of material its failings are as essential to its character as its triumphs Erlewine comments The band s two main songwriting forces were no longer on the same page but neither were George and Ringo yet Lennon turns in two of his best ballads McCartney s songs are stunning Harrison had become a songwriter who deserved wider exposure and Starr s composition was a delight The Yellow Submarine LP issued in January contained only the four previously unreleased songs that had debuted in the film along with the title track already issued on Revolver All You Need Is Love already issued as a single and on the US Magical Mystery Tour LP and seven instrumental pieces composed by Martin Because of the paucity of new Beatles music AllMusic s Unterberger and Bruce Eder suggest the album might be inessential but for Harrison s It s All Too Much the jewel of the new songs resplendent in swirling Mellotron larger than life percussion and tidal waves of feedback guitar a virtuoso excursion into otherwise hazy psychedelia Abbey Road Let It Be and break up American soul musician Billy Preston pictured in was briefly considered as a fifth Beatle during the recording of Get Back Although Let It Be was the Beatles final album release it was largely recorded before Abbey Road The project s impetus came from an idea Martin attributes to McCartney who suggested they record an album of new material and rehearse it then perform it before a live audience for the very first time – on record and on film Originally intended for a one hour television programme to be called Beatles at Work much of the album s content came from extensive rehearsals filmed by director Michael Lindsay Hogg at Twickenham Film Studios beginning in January Martin has said that the project was not at all a happy recording experience It was a time when relations between the Beatles were at their lowest ebb Lennon described the largely impromptu sessions as hell the most miserable on Earth and Harrison the low of all time Irritated by both McCartney and Lennon Harrison walked out for five days Upon returning he threatened to leave the band unless they abandon ed all talk of live performance and instead focused on finishing a new album initially titled Get Back using songs recorded for the TV special He also demanded they cease work at Twickenham and relocate to the newly finished Apple Studio The other band members agreed and the idea came about to salvage the footage shot for the TV production for use in a feature film Apple Corps building at Savile Row site of the Let It Be rooftop concertIn an effort to alleviate tensions within the band and improve the quality of their live sound Harrison invited keyboardist Billy Preston to participate in the last nine days of sessions Preston received label billing on the Get Back single – the only musician ever to receive that acknowledgment on an official Beatles release At the conclusion of the rehearsals the band could not agree on a location to film a concert rejecting several ideas including a boat at sea a lunatic asylum the Tunisian desert and the Colosseum Ultimately what would be their final live performance was filmed on the rooftop of the Apple Corps building at Savile Row London on January Five weeks later engineer Glyn Johns whom Lewisohn describes as Get Back s uncredited producer began work assembling an album given free rein as the band all but washed their hands of the entire project New strains developed between the band members regarding the appointment of a financial adviser the need for which had become evident without Epstein to manage business affairs Lennon Harrison and Starr favoured Allen Klein who had managed the Rolling Stones and Sam Cooke McCartney wanted John Eastman brother of Linda Eastman whom McCartney married on March Agreement could not be reached so both were temporarily appointed but further conflict ensued and financial opportunities were lost On May Klein was named sole manager of the band Martin stated that he was surprised when McCartney asked him to produce another album as the Get Back sessions had been a miserable experience and he had thought it was the end of the road for all of us The primary recording sessions for Abbey Road began on July Lennon who rejected Martin s proposed format of a continuously moving piece of music wanted his and McCartney s songs to occupy separate sides of the album The eventual format with individually composed songs on the first side and the second consisting largely of a medley was McCartney s suggested compromise On July the first solo single by a Beatle was released Lennon s Give Peace a Chance credited to the Plastic Ono Band The completion and mixing of I Want You She s So Heavy on August was the last occasion on which all four Beatles were together in the same studio Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on September but agreed to withhold a public announcement to avoid undermining sales of the forthcoming album Released six days after Lennon s declaration Abbey Road sold million copies within three months and topped the UK charts for a total of seventeen weeks Its second track the ballad Something was issued as a single – the only Harrison composition ever to appear as a Beatles A side Abbey Road received mixed reviews although the medley met with general acclaim Unterberger considers it a fitting swan song for the group containing some of the greatest harmonies to be heard on any rock record Musicologist and author Ian MacDonald calls the album erratic and often hollow despite the semblance of unity and coherence offered by the medley Martin has singled it out as his personal favourite of all the band s albums Lennon said it was competent but had no life in it Recording engineer Emerick notes that the replacement of the studio s valve mixing console with a transistorised one yielded a less punchy sound leaving the group frustrated at the thinner tone and lack of impact and contributing to its kinder gentler feel relative to their previous albums For the still unfinished Get Back album one last song Harrison s I Me Mine was recorded on January Lennon in Denmark at the time did not participate In March rejecting the work Johns had done on the project now retitled Let It Be Klein gave the session tapes to American producer Phil Spector who had recently produced Lennon s solo single Instant Karma In addition to remixing the material Spector edited spliced and overdubbed several of the recordings that had been intended as live McCartney was unhappy with the producer s approach and particularly dissatisfied with the lavish orchestration on The Long and Winding Road which involved a fourteen voice choir and piece instrumental ensemble McCartney s demands that the alterations to the song be reverted were ignored and he publicly announced his departure from the band on April a week before the release of his first self titled solo album On May the Spector produced Let It Be was released Its accompanying single The Long and Winding Road was the Beatles last it was released in the United States but not Britain The Let It Be documentary film followed later that month and would win the Academy Award for Best Original Song Score Sunday Telegraph critic Penelope Gilliatt called it a very bad film and a touching one about the breaking apart of this reassuring geometrically perfect once apparently ageless family of siblings Several reviewers stated that some of the performances in the film sounded better than their analogous album tracks Describing Let It Be as the only Beatles album to occasion negative even hostile reviews Unterberger calls it on the whole underrated he singles out some good moments of straight hard rock in I ve Got a Feeling and Dig a Pony and praises Let It Be Get Back and the folky Two of Us with John and Paul harmonising together McCartney filed suit for the dissolution of the Beatles contractual partnership on December Legal disputes continued long after their break up and the dissolution was not formalised until December –present After the break upSee also Collaborations between ex Beatles sLennon McCartney Harrison and Starr all released solo albums in Their solo records sometimes involved one or more of the others Starr s Ringo was the only album to include compositions and performances by all four ex Beatles albeit on separate songs With Starr s participation Harrison staged the Concert for Bangladesh in New York City in August Other than an unreleased jam session in later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again Two double LP sets of the Beatles greatest hits compiled by Klein – and – were released in at first under the Apple Records imprint Commonly known as the Red Album and Blue Album respectively each have earned a Multi Platinum certification in the United States and a Platinum certification in the United Kingdom Between and EMI Capitol released a wave of compilation albums without input from the ex Beatles starting with the double disc compilation Rock n Roll Music The only one to feature previously unreleased material was The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl the first officially issued concert recordings by the group it contained selections from two shows they played during their and US tours nb The music and enduring fame of the Beatles has been commercially exploited in various other ways again often outside their creative control In April the musical John Paul George Ringo … and Bert written by Willy Russell and featuring singer Barbara Dickson opened in London It included with permission from Northern Songs eleven Lennon McCartney compositions and one by Harrison Here Comes the Sun Displeased with the production s use of his song Harrison withdrew his permission to use it Later that year the off Broadway musical Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band on the Road opened All This and World War II was an unorthodox nonfiction film that combined newsreel footage with covers of Beatles songs by performers ranging from Elton John and Keith Moon to the London Symphony Orchestra The Broadway musical Beatlemania an unauthorised nostalgia revue opened in early and proved popular spinning off five separate touring productions In the band sued the producers settling for several million dollars in damages Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band a musical film starring the Bee Gees and Peter Frampton was a commercial failure and an artistic fiasco according to Ingham sAfter the December murder of Lennon Harrison rewrote the lyrics to his song All Those Years Ago in Lennon s honour With Starr on drums and McCartney and his wife Linda contributing backing vocals the song was released as a single in May McCartney s own tribute Here Today appeared on his Tug of War album in April In Harrison s Cloud Nine album included When We Was Fab a song about the Beatlemania era When the Beatles studio albums were released on CD by EMI and Apple Corps in their catalogue was standardised throughout the world establishing a canon of the twelve original studio LPs as issued in the UK plus the US LP version of Magical Mystery Tour All the remaining material from the singles and EPs which had not appeared on the original studio albums was gathered on the two volume compilation Past Masters Except for the Red and Blue albums EMI deleted all its other Beatles compilations – including the Hollywood Bowl record – from its catalogue In the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame their first year of eligibility Harrison and Starr attended the ceremony with Lennon s widow Yoko Ono and his two sons Julian and Sean McCartney declined to attend citing unresolved business differences that would make him feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with them at a fake reunion The following year EMI Capitol settled a decade long lawsuit filed by the band over royalties clearing the way to commercially package previously unreleased material sLive at the BBC the first official release of unissued Beatles performances in seventeen years appeared in That same year McCartney Harrison and Starr collaborated on the Anthology project Anthology was the culmination of work begun in when Apple Corps director Neil Aspinall their former road manager and personal assistant had started to gather material for a documentary with the working title The Long and Winding Road Documenting their history in the band s own words the Anthology project included the release of several unissued Beatles recordings McCartney Harrison and Starr also added new instrumental and vocal parts to two songs recorded as demos by Lennon in the late s During – the project yielded a television miniseries an eight volume video set and three two CD three LP box sets featuring artwork by Klaus Voormann The two songs based on Lennon demos Free as a Bird and Real Love were issued as new Beatles singles The releases were commercially successful and the television series was viewed by an estimated million people In to coincide with the re release of the film Yellow Submarine a new soundtrack compilation CD LP Yellow Submarine Songtrack was issued sThe Beatles a compilation album of the band s British and American number one hits was released on November It became the fastest selling album of all time with million sold in its first week and million within a month It topped albums charts in at least countries including the UK and US As of April the compilation had sold million copies globally and was the best selling album of the decade in the United States Harrison died from metastatic lung cancer in November McCartney and Starr were among the musicians who performed at the Concert for George organised by Eric Clapton and Harrison s widow Olivia The tribute event took place at the Royal Albert Hall on the first anniversary of Harrison s death In addition to songs he composed for the group and during his solo career the concert included a celebration of Indian classical music which had significantly influenced Harrison In Let It Be Naked a reconceived version of the Let It Be album with McCartney supervising production was released One of the main differences with the Spector produced version was the omission of the original string arrangements It was a top ten hit in both Britain and America The US album configurations from – were released as box sets in and – The Capitol Albums Volume and Volume included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of the music s original American release As a soundtrack for Cirque du Soleil s Las Vegas Beatles stage revue Love George Martin and his son Giles remixed and blended of the band s recordings to create what Martin called a way of re living the whole Beatles musical lifespan in a very condensed period The show premiered in June and the Love album was released that November when McCartney discussed his hope that Carnival of Light a fourteen minute experimental recording made at Abbey Road in would receive an official release A rare live performance involving two ex Beatles took place in April at a benefit concert organised by McCartney at New York s Radio City Music Hall where he was joined by Starr for three songs Starr and McCartney introduced the video game The Beatles Rock Band at the E convention On September the Beatles entire back catalogue was reissued following an extensive digital remastering process that lasted four years Stereo editions of all twelve original UK studio albums along with Magical Mystery Tour and the Past Masters compilation were released on compact disc both individually and as a box set Comparing the new releases with the CDs which had been widely criticised for their lack of clarity and dynamism Mojo s Danny Eccleston wrote the remastered vocals are purer more natural sounding and give the illusion of sitting slightly higher in the mix A second collection The Beatles in Mono included remastered versions of every Beatles album released in true mono along with the original stereo mixes of Help and Rubber Soul which Martin had remixed for the editions The Beatles Rock Band a music video game in the Rock Band series was issued on the same day In December the band s catalogue was officially released in FLAC and MP format in a limited edition of USB flash drives sOwing to a long running royalty disagreement the Beatles were among the last major artists to sign deals with online music services Residual disagreement emanating from Apple Corps dispute with Apple Inc iTunes owners over the use of the name Apple was also partly responsible for the delay although in McCartney stated that the main obstacle to making the Beatles catalogue available online was that EMI want s something we re not prepared to give them In the official canon of thirteen Beatles studio albums Past Masters and the Red and Blue greatest hits albums were made available on iTunes In EMI s recorded music operations were sold to Universal Music Group In order for Universal Music to acquire EMI the European Union for antitrust reasons forced EMI to spin off assets including Parlophone Universal was allowed to keep the Beatles recorded music catalogue managed by Capitol Records under its Capitol Music Group division Also in the entire original Beatles album catalogue was reissued on vinyl available either individually or as a box set In a second volume of BBC recordings entitled On Air – Live at the BBC Volume was released December of that year saw the release of another Beatles recordings on iTunes The set titled The Beatles Bootleg Recordings had the opportunity to gain a year copyright extension conditional on the songs being published at least once before the end of Apple Records released the recordings on December to prevent them from going into the public domain and had them taken down from iTunes later that same day Fan reactions to the release were mixed with one blogger saying the hardcore Beatles collectors who are trying to obtain everything will already have these On January Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr performed McCartney s Queenie Eye in Los Angeles at the th Annual Grammy Awards held in the Los Angeles Convention Center s West Hall The following day The Night That Changed America A Grammy Salute to The Beatles television special was taped in the same hall It aired on February the exact date of – and at the same time and on the same network as – the original broadcast of the Beatles first US television appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show years earlier The special included performances of Beatles songs by current artists as well as by McCartney and Starr archival footage and Paul and Ringo being interviewed by David Letterman at the Ed Sullivan Theater site of The Ed Sullivan Show Musical style and developmentSee also Lennon–McCartney In Icons of Rock An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever Scott Schinder and Andy Schwartz describe the Beatles musical evolution In their initial incarnation as cheerful wisecracking moptops the Fab Four revolutionised the sound style and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll s doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts Their initial impact would have been enough to establish the Beatles as one of their era s most influential cultural forces but they didn t stop there Although their initial style was a highly original irresistibly catchy synthesis of early American rock and roll and R B the Beatles spent the rest of the s expanding rock s stylistic frontiers consistently staking out new musical territory on each release The band s increasingly sophisticated experimentation encompassed a variety of genres including folk rock country psychedelia and baroque pop without sacrificing the effortless mass appeal of their early work In The Beatles as Musicians Walter Everett describes Lennon and McCartney s contrasting motivations and approaches to composition McCartney may be said to have constantly developed – as a means to entertain – a focused musical talent with an ear for counterpoint and other aspects of craft in the demonstration of a universally agreed upon common language that he did much to enrich Conversely Lennon s mature music is best appreciated as the daring product of a largely unconscious searching but undisciplined artistic sensibility Ian MacDonald describes McCartney as a natural melodist – a creator of tunes capable of existing apart from their harmony His melody lines are characterised as primarily vertical employing wide consonant intervals which express his extrovert energy and optimism Conversely Lennon s sedentary ironic personality is reflected in a horizontal approach featuring minimal dissonant intervals and repetitive melodies which rely on their harmonic accompaniment for interest Basically a realist he instinctively kept his melodies close to the rhythms and cadences of speech colouring his lyrics with bluesy tone and harmony rather than creating tunes that made striking shapes of their own MacDonald praises Harrison s lead guitar work for the role his characterful lines and textural colourings play in supporting Lennon and McCartney s parts and describes Starr as the father of modern pop rock drumming InfluencesThe band s earliest influences include Elvis Presley Carl Perkins Little Richard and Chuck Berry During the Beatles co residency with Little Richard at the Star Club in Hamburg from April to May he advised them on the proper technique for performing his songs Of Presley Lennon said Nothing really affected me until I heard Elvis If there hadn t been Elvis there would not have been the Beatles Other early influences include Buddy Holly Eddie Cochran Roy Orbison and the Everly Brothers The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries including Bob Dylan Frank Zappa the


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carmel-nougat carmen-blonde carmen-de-la-torre carmen-moore carmen-rose carol-connors carol-cross carol-cummings carole-dubois carole-gire carole-pierac carol-titian carolyn-connoly carolyn-monroe carrie-cruise cassandra-leigh cassidy cassie-courtland cataline-bullock catherine-count catherine-crystal catherine-ringer catherine-tailleferre cathy-delorme cathy-menard cathy-stewart celeste-fox celine-gallone chanel-preston chanel-price chantal-virapin chanta-rose chantelle-stevens charisma charisma-cole charlie-latour charlie-waters charlotte-de-castille charmane-star chasey-lain chayse-manhattan chaz-vincent chelsea-sinclaire chennin-blanc cheri-janvier cheri-taylor cherry-hill chessie-moore cheyenne-hunter cheyenne-silver china-lee china-leigh china-moon chloe-cruize chloe-dior chloe-kez chloe-stevens chris-collins chris-jordan chris-petersen chrissie-beauchamp christa-abel christa-ludwig christie-ford christi-lake christina-berg christina-blond christina-evol christina-skye christine-black christine-chavert christine-neona christine-rigoler christy-canyon cicciolina cindi-stephens cindy-carver cindy-crawford cindy-more cindy-shepard cindy-wong cinthya-marinho clair-dia claire-robbins claude-janna claudia-jackson claudia-jamsson claudia-mehringer claudia-nero claudia-van-statt claudia-zante claudine-beccarie clea-carson cleo-nichole cleo-patra cody-lane cody-love cody-nicole coffee-brown colleen-brennan connie-bennett connie-peterson constance-money copper-penny coreena corey-everson corinne-lemoine corneliah cory-everson cory-wolf courtney courtney-cummz courtney-james cris-cassidy crissy-moran cris-taliana crystal-breeze crystal-dawn crystal-holland crystal-knight crystal-lake crystal-lovin crystal-sync csilla-kalnay cuban-bee cynara-fox cyndee-summers cynthia-black cynthia-brooks cynthia-hammers cynthia-lavigne dagmar-lost daisy-layne dallas-miko dana-dylan dana-lynn danica-rhea daniela-nanou daniela-schiffer daniele-troeger daniella daniella-schiffer danielle danielle-foxxx danielle-rodgers danny-ricci danyel-cheeks daphne daphne-rosen darby-lloyd-rains darla-crane darla-delovely davia-ardell dayton-rain debbie-northrup debbie-revenge debbie-van-gils debi-diamond debi-jointed debra-lynn deidra-hopkins deidre-holland delania-raffino delia-moore delphine-thail delta-force delta-white demi-moor denice-klarskov denise-derringer denise-dior denise-sloan desiree-cousteau desiree-foxx desiree-lane desiree-west deva-station devin-devasquez devinn-lane devon-shire dia diana-holt diana-kisabonyi diana-siefert diana-stevenson diane-dubois diane-richards diane-sloan diane-suresne dido-angel dillan-lauren dina-deville dina-jewel dina-pearl ditty-blue diva divinity-love djiana dolly-darkley dominique dominique-dewitt dominique-saint-claire donna-hart donna-marie dorle-buchner dorothy-lemay dorothy-onan drea drimla dru-berrymore dusty-rose dyanna-lauren ebony-ayes edina-blond edita-ungerova edwige-faillel eileen-wells elaine-southern elena-berkova elena-maria-ricci eleonore-melzer elisabeth-bure elis-black elise elise-di-medici elle-devyne elle-rio elodie-delage elsa-maroussia elza-brown emili-doll emily-evermoore emily-george emily-jewel emmanuelle-pareze envy-mi erica-boyer erica-eaton erica-havens erica-idol erica-lauren erika-bella erika-cool erika-heaven erika-lockett esme-monroe eva-allen eva-angel eva-dionisio eva-gross eva-kleber eva-lux eva-uettori eve-laurence evelyne-lang evie-delatosso fabiana-venturi faith-stevens fallon fanny-garreau fanny-steel faye-runaway flame flick-shagwell flore-soller flower france-lomay france-quenie francoise frankie-leigh gabriella gabriella-mirelba gabriella-vincze gail-force gail-palmer gail-sterling georgette-saunders georgia-peach georgina-spelvin gia-givanna gianna-lynn gili-sky gina-carrera gina-gianetti gina-janssen gina-lee gina-martell gina-valentino ginger-jay ginger-lee ginger-lynn ginny-noack giovanna gisela-schwarz giselle-monet gladys-laroche gloria-leonard gloria-todd golden-jade greta-carlson greta-milos guia-lauri-filzi gwenda-farnel hare-krane harley-raine hayley-jade hazel-young heather-deeley heather-ellis heather-hart heather-lere heather-lyn heather-manfield heather-thomas heather-torrance heather-wayne heather-young helen-madigan helen-thomas helga-sven helga-wild hillary-summers holly-hollywood holly-joy holly-page holly-ryder honey-winter hottie-hollie hyapatia-lee ida-fabry ildiko-smits illana-moor ines-ridere ingrid-choray isabella-dior isabella-soprano isabelle-allay isabelle-brell isabelle-marchall isobel-wren iveta ivette-blanche jackie-right jacqueline-lorians jacy-allen jada-stevens jade-east jade-hsu jade-marcela jade-summers jade-wong jahn-gold jamie-brooks jamie-james jamie-summers jana-irrova jana-mrazkova jane-baker jane-darling jane-iwanoff jane-lindsay jane-lixx janet-jacme janey-robbins jasmine-delatori jayden-simone jaylyn-rose jayna-woods jazella-moore jazmin-luna-gold jean-afrique jeanette-littledove jeanie-marie-sullivan jean-jennings jeanna-fine jeannie-pepper jenna-jameson jenna-jane jenna-presley jenna-wells jennifer-haussmann jennifer-janes jennifer-jordan jennifer-morante jennifer-noxt jennifer-stewart jennifer-welles jennifer-west jenny jenny-feeling jenny-fields jenny-wings jersey-jaxin jesie-st-james jesse-capelli jessica-bangkok jessica-bogart jessica-darlin jessica-fiorentino jessica-gabriel jessica-laine jessica-may jessica-road jessica-wylde jessi-foster jill-ferari jill-kelly joana-redgrave joan-devlon joanna-storm joanna-sweet jody-maxwell joelle-lequement joelle-petinot johnni-black jordana-james jordan-green jordan-nevaeh jordan-star josephine-carrington joslyn-james julia-chanel julia-dal-fuoco juliana-grandi julia-paes julia-parton julia-perrin julia-swen julia-thomas julie-meadows julie-rage julie-simone juliet-anderson juliet-graham juliette-carelton kacey-jordan kagney-linn-karter kaitlyn-ashley kalena-rios kami-andrews kamila-smith kandee-licks kandi-barbour kapri-styles kara-nox karen-summer kari-foxx karine-gambier karin-schubert karli-sweet karmen-kennedy karol-castro kascha kassi-nova kat kate-frost kate-jones kathia-nobili kathleen-gentry kathleen-white kathy-divan kathy-harcourt kathy-heart kathy-kash katie-cummings katja-love kat-langer katrina-isis katrina-kraven katy-borman katy-caro kaycee-dean kayla-kupcakes kay-parker k-c-valentine keama-kim keira-moon keisha keli-richards kelli-tyler kelly-adams kelly-blue kelly-broox kelly-hearn kelly-kay kelly-kline kelly-nichols kelly-royce kelly-skyline kendra-kay kenzi-marie keri-windsor ketthy-divan kianna-dior kiley-heart kim-alexis kimber-blake kimberly-carson kimberly-kane kimberly-kyle kim-de-place kim-holland kimi-gee kimkim-de kim-kitaine kimmie-lee kimmy-nipples kina-kara kira-eggers kira-red kirsty-waay kitty-langdon kitty-lynxxx kitty-marie kitty-shayne kitty-yung kora-cummings kris-lara krista-lane krista-maze kristara-barrington kristarah-knight kristi-klenot kristina-blonde 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lise-pinson little-oral-annie liza-dwyer liza-harper lizzy-borden logan-labrent lois-ayres lola-cait long-jean-silver loni-bunny loni-sanders loona-luxx lorelei-lee lorelei-rand lorena-sanchez lori-alexia lori-blue lorrie-lovett luci-diamond lucie-doll lucie-theodorova lucy-van-dam lydia-baum lynn-franciss lynn-lemay lynn-ray lynn-stevens lynx-canon lysa-thatcher madelina-ray madison-parker magdalena-lynn maggie-randall mai-lin mandi-wine mandy-bright mandy-malone mandy-may mandy-mistery mandy-starr marcia-minor maren margit-ojetz margitta-hofer margo-stevens margot-mahler mariah-cherry marianne-aubert maria-tortuga marie-anne marie-christine-chireix marie-christine-veroda marie-claude-moreau marie-dominique-cabannes marie-france-morel marie-luise-lusewitz marie-sharp marilyn-chambers marilyne-leroy marilyn-gee marilyn-jess marilyn-martyn marilyn-star marina-hedman marion-webb marita-ekberg marita-kemper marlena marlene-willoughby marry-queen martine-grimaud martine-schultz maryanne-fisher mary-hubay mary-ramunno mary-stuart mascha-mouton maud-kennedy mauvais-denoir maxine-tyler maya-black maya-france megan-leigh megan-martinez megan-reece mei-ling melanie-hotlips melanie-scott melba-cruz melinda-russell melissa-bonsardo melissa-del-prado melissa-golden melissa-martinez melissa-melendez melissa-monet mercedes-dragon mercedes-lynn merle-michaels mesha-lynn mia-beck mia-lina mia-smiles michele-raven michelle-aston michelle-ferrari michelle-greco michelle-maren michelle-maylene michelle-monroe micki-lynn mika-barthel mika-tan mikki-taylor mimi-morgan mindy-rae ming-toy miranda-stevens miss-bunny miss-meadow miss-pomodoro missy missy-graham missy-stone missy-vega misti-jane mistress-candice misty-anderson misty-dawn misty-rain misty-regan mona-lisa mona-page moni monica-baal monica-swinn monika-peta monika-sandmayr monika-unco monique-bruno monique-cardin monique-charell monique-demoan monique-gabrielle monique-la-belle morgan-fairlane morrigan-hel 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pascale-vital pat-manning pat-rhea patricia-dale patricia-diamond patricia-kennedy patricia-rhomberg patrizia-predan patti-cakes patti-petite paula-brasile paula-harlow paula-morton paula-price paula-winters pauline-teutscher penelope-pumpkins penelope-valentin petra-hermanova petra-lamas peyton-lafferty phaedra-grant pia-snow piper-fawn pipi-anderson porsche-lynn porsha-carrera precious-silver priscillia-lenn purple-passion queeny-love rachel-ashley rachel-love rachel-luv rachel-roxxx rachel-ryan rachel-ryder racquel-darrian rane-revere raven reagan-maddux rebecca-bardoux regan-anthony regine-bardot regula-mertens reina-leone reka-gabor renae-cruz renee-foxx renee-lovins renee-morgan renee-perez renee-summers renee-tiffany rhonda-jo-petty rikki-blake riley-ray rio-mariah rita-ricardo roberta-gemma roberta-pedon robin-byrd robin-cannes robin-everett robin-sane rochell-starr rosa-lee-kimball rosemarie roxanne-blaze roxanne-hall roxanne-rollan ruby-richards sabina-k sabre sabrina-chimaera sabrina-dawn sabrina-jade sabrina-johnson sabrina-love-cox sabrina-mastrolorenzi sabrina-rose sabrina-scott sabrina-summers sacha-davril sahara sahara-sands sai-tai-tiger samantha-fox samantha-ryan samantha-sterlyng samantha-strong samueline-de-la-rosa sandra-cardinale sandra-de-marco sandra-kalermen sandra-russo sandy-lee sandy-pinney sandy-reed sandy-samuel sandy-style sandy-summers sara-brandy-canyon sara-faye sarah-bernard sarah-cabrera sarah-hevyn sarah-mills sarah-shine sara-sloane sasha sasha-hollander sasha-ligaya sasha-rose satine-phoenix satin-summer savannah-stern savanna-jane scarlet-scarleau scarlet-windsor seka selena serena serena-south severine-amoux shana-evans shanna-mccullough shannon-kelly shannon-rush shantell-day sharon-da-vale sharon-kane sharon-mitchell shaun-michelle shawna-sexton shawnee-cates shay-hendrix shayne-ryder sheena-horne sheer-delight shelby-star shelby-stevens shelly-berlin shelly-lyons sheri-st-clair sheyla-cats shonna-lynn shyla-foxxx shy-love sierra-sinn sierra-skye sigrun-theil silver-starr silvia-bella silvia-saint silvie-de-lux silvy-taylor simone-west sindee-coxx sindy-lange sindy-shy siobhan-hunter skylar-knight skylar-price skyler-dupree smokie-flame smoking-mary-jane solange-shannon sonya-summers sophia-santi sophie-call sophie-duflot sophie-evans sophie-guers stacey-donovan stacy-lords stacy-moran stacy-nichols stacy-silver stacy-thorn starla-fox starr-wood stefania-bruni stella-virgin stephanie-duvalle stephanie-rage stephanie-renee stevie-taylor summer-knight summer-rose sunny-day sunset-thomas sunshine-seiber susan-hart susanne-brend susan-nero susi-hotkiss suzanne-mcbain suzan-nielsen suzie-bartlett suzie-carina suzi-sparks sweet-nice sweety-pie sybille-rossani sylvia-benedict sylvia-bourdon sylvia-brand sylvia-engelmann syreeta-taylor syren-de-mer syvette szabina-black szilvia-lauren tai-ellis taija-rae taisa-banx talia-james tamara-lee tamara-longley tamara-n-joy tamara-west tami-white tammy tammy-lee tammy-reynolds tania-lorenzo tantala-ray tanya-danielle tanya-fox tanya-foxx tanya-lawson tanya-valis tara-aire tasha-voux tatjana-belousova tatjana-skomorokhova tawnee-lee tawny-pearl tayla-rox taylor-wane teddi-austin teddi-barrett tera-bond tera-heart tera-joy teresa-may teresa-orlowski teri-diver teri-weigel terri-dolan terri-hall tess-ferre tess-newheart thais-vieira tia-cherry tianna tiara tiffany-blake tiffany-clark tiffany-duponte tiffany-rayne tiffany-rousso tiffany-storm tiffany-towers tiffany-tyler tiger-lily tigr timea-vagvoelgyi tina-blair tina-burner tina-evil tina-gabriel tina-loren tina-marie tina-russell tish-ambrose tommi-rose tonisha-mills topsy-curvey tori-secrets tori-sinclair tori-welles tracey-adams traci-lords traci-topps traci-winn tracy-duzit tracy-love tracy-williams tricia-devereaux tricia-yen trinity-loren trisha-rey trista-post trixie-tyler ultramax ursula-gaussmann ursula-moore uschi-karnat valentina valerie-leveau valery-hilton vanessa-chase vanessa-del-rio vanessa-michaels vanessa-ozdanic vanilla-deville velvet-summers veri-knotty veronica-dol veronica-hart veronica-hill veronica-rayne veronica-sage veronika-vanoza via-paxton vicky-lindsay vicky-vicci victoria-evans victoria-gold victoria-knight victoria-luna victoria-paris victoria-slick victoria-zdrok viper virginie-caprice vivian-valentine vivien-martines wendi-white wendy-divine whitney-banks whitney-fears whitney-wonders wonder-tracey wow-nikki xanthia-berstein yasmine-fitzgerald yelena-shieffer yvonne-green zara-whites zsanett-egerhazi zuzie-boobies

Lovin Spoonful the Byrds and the Beach Boys whose album Pet Sounds amazed and inspired McCartney In Lennon named the Beach Boys Brian Wilson the musical person he most admired Martin later stated No one made a greater impact on the Beatles than Brian Ravi Shankar with whom Harrison studied for six weeks in India in late had a significant effect on his musical development during the band s later years GenresOriginating as a skiffle group the Beatles quickly embraced s rock and roll and helped pioneer the Merseybeat genre and their repertoire ultimately expanded to include a broad variety of pop music Reflecting the range of styles they explored Lennon said of Beatles for Sale You could call our new one a Beatles country and western LP while Gould credits Rubber Soul as the instrument by which legions of folk music enthusiasts were coaxed into the camp of pop A Höfner violin bass guitar and Gretsch Country Gentleman guitar models played by McCartney and Harrison respectively the Vox AC amplifier behind them is the model the Beatles used during performances in the early sAlthough the song Yesterday was not the first pop record to employ orchestral strings it marked the group s first recorded use of classical music elements Gould observes The more traditional sound of strings allowed for a fresh appreciation of their talent as composers by listeners who were otherwise allergic to the din of drums and electric guitars They continued to experiment with string arrangements to various effect Sgt Pepper s She s Leaving Home for instance is cast in the mold of a sentimental Victorian ballad Gould writes its words and music filled with the clichés of musical melodrama The band s stylistic range expanded in another direction with their B side Rain described by Martin Strong as the first overtly psychedelic Beatles record Other psychedelic numbers followed such as Tomorrow Never Knows recorded before Rain Strawberry Fields Forever Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and I Am the Walrus The influence of Indian classical music was evident in Harrison s The Inner Light Love You To and Within You Without You – Gould describes the latter two as attempts to replicate the raga form in miniature Innovation was the most striking feature of their creative evolution according to music historian and pianist Michael Campbell A Day in the Life encapsulates the art and achievement of the Beatles as well as any single track can It highlights key features of their music the sound imagination the persistence of tuneful melody and the close coordination between words and music It represents a new category of song – more sophisticated than pop and uniquely innovative There literally had never before been a song – classical or vernacular – that had blended so many disparate elements so imaginatively Philosophy professor Bruce Ellis Benson agrees the Beatles give us a wonderful example of how such far ranging influences as Celtic music rhythm and blues and country and western could be put together in a new way Author Dominic Pedler describes the way they crossed musical styles Far from moving sequentially from one genre to another as is sometimes conveniently suggested the group maintained in parallel their mastery of the traditional catchy chart hit while simultaneously forging rock and dabbling with a wide range of peripheral influences from country to vaudeville One of these threads was their take on folk music which would form such essential groundwork for their later collisions with Indian music and philosophy As the personal relationships between the band members grew increasingly strained their individual tastes became more apparent The minimalistic cover artwork for the White Album contrasted with the complexity and diversity of its music which encompassed Lennon s Revolution whose musique concrète approach was influenced by Yoko Ono Starr s country song Don t Pass Me By Harrison s rock ballad While My Guitar Gently Weeps and the proto metal roar of McCartney s Helter Skelter Contribution of George MartinGeorge Martin s close involvement in his role as producer made him one of the leading candidates for the informal title of the fifth Beatle He applied his classical musical training in various ways and functioned as an informal music teacher to the progressing songwriters according to Gould Martin suggested to a sceptical McCartney that the arrangement of Yesterday should feature a string quartet accompaniment thereby introducing the Beatles to a hitherto unsuspected world of classical instrumental colour in MacDonald s description Their creative development was also facilitated by Martin s willingness to experiment in response to their suggestions such as adding something baroque to a particular recording In addition to scoring orchestral arrangements for recordings Martin often performed on them playing instruments including piano organ and brass Collaborating with Lennon and McCartney required Martin to adapt to their different approaches to songwriting and recording MacDonald comments while he worked more naturally with the conventionally articulate McCartney the challenge of catering to Lennon s intuitive approach generally spurred him to his more original arrangements of which Being for the Benefit of Mr Kite is an outstanding example Martin said of the two composers distinct songwriting styles and his own stabilising influence Compared with Paul s songs all of which seemed to keep in some sort of touch with reality John s had a psychedelic almost mystical quality John s imagery is one of the best things about his work – tangerine trees marmalade skies cellophane flowers I always saw him as an aural Salvador Dalí rather than some drug ridden record artist On the other hand I would be stupid to pretend that drugs didn t figure quite heavily in the Beatles lives at that time they knew that I in my schoolmasterly role didn t approve Not only was I not into it myself I couldn t see the need for it and there s no doubt that if I too had been on dope Pepper would never have been the album it was Perhaps it was the combination of dope and no dope that worked who knows Harrison echoed Martin s description of his stabilising role I think we just grew through those years together him as the straight man and us as the loonies but he was always there for us to interpret our madness – we used to be slightly avant garde on certain days of the week and he would be there as the anchor person to communicate that through the engineers and on to the tape In the studioSee also The Beatles recording technology Making innovative use of technology while expanding the possibilities of recorded music the Beatles urged experimentation by Martin and his recording engineers Seeking ways to put chance occurrences to creative use accidental guitar feedback a resonating glass bottle a tape loaded the wrong way round so that it played backwards – any of these might be incorporated into their music Their desire to create new sounds on every new recording combined with Martin s arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers Norman Smith Ken Townsend and Geoff Emerick all contributed significantly to their records from Rubber Soul and especially Revolver onwards Along with innovative studio techniques such as sound effects unconventional microphone placements tape loops double tracking and vari speed recording the Beatles augmented their songs with instruments that were unconventional in rock music at the time These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar in Norwegian Wood and the swarmandal in Strawberry Fields Forever They also used early electronic instruments such as the Mellotron with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the Strawberry Fields Forever intro and the clavioline an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe like sound on Baby You re a Rich Man LegacySee also The Beatles influence on popular culture Statue in Almaty KazakhstanFormer Rolling Stone associate editor Robert Greenfield compared the Beatles to Picasso as artists who broke through the constraints of their time period to come up with something that was unique and original I n the form of popular music no one will ever be more revolutionary more creative and more distinctive They not only sparked the British Invasion of the US they became a globally influential phenomenon as well From the s the United States had dominated popular entertainment culture throughout much of the world via Hollywood movies jazz the music of Broadway and Tin Pan Alley and later the rock and roll that first emerged in Memphis Tennessee Their musical innovations and commercial success inspired musicians worldwide Many artists have acknowledged the Beatles influence and enjoyed chart success with covers of their songs On radio their arrival marked the beginning of a new era in the programme director of New York s WABC radio station forbade his DJs from playing any pre Beatles music marking the defining line of what would be considered oldies on American radio They helped to redefine the album as something more than just a few hits padded out with filler and they were primary innovators of the modern music video The Shea Stadium show with which they opened their North American tour attracted an estimated people then the largest audience in concert history Spitz describes the event as a major breakthrough a giant step toward reshaping the concert business Emulation of their clothing and especially their hairstyles which became a mark of rebellion had a global impact on fashion According to Gould the Beatles changed the way people listened to popular music and experienced its role in their lives From what began as the Beatlemania fad the group s popularity grew into what was seen as an embodiment of sociocultural movements of the decade As icons of the s counterculture Gould continues they became a catalyst for bohemianism and activism in various social and political arenas fuelling movements such as women s liberation gay liberation and environmentalism According to Peter Lavezzoli after the more popular than Jesus controversy in the Beatles felt considerable pressure to say the right things and began a concerted effort to spread a message of wisdom and higher consciousness Awards and achievementsSee also List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles In Queen Elizabeth II appointed Lennon McCartney Harrison and Starr Members of the Order of the British Empire MBE The film Let It Be won the Academy Award for Best Original Song Score The recipients of seven Grammy Awards and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards the Beatles have been awarded six Diamond albums as well as Multi Platinum albums Platinum albums and Gold albums in the United States In the UK the Beatles have four Multi Platinum albums four Platinum albums eight Gold albums and one Silver album They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in The best selling band in history the Beatles have sold between million and at EMI estimates over billion units worldwide They have had more number one albums on the British charts fifteen and sold more singles in the UK million than any other act In Rolling Stone ranked the Beatles as the best artist of all time They ranked number one on Billboard magazine s list of the all time most successful Hot artists released in to celebrate the US singles chart s th anniversary As of they hold the record for most number one hits on the Billboard Hot with twenty The Recording Industry Association of America certifies that the Beatles have sold million units in the US more than any other artist They were collectively included in Time magazine s compilation of the twentieth century s most influential people In they received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award MembersFurther information List of members of bands featuring members of the Beatles Principal members John Lennon – vocals guitar keyboards harmonica – Paul McCartney – vocals bass guitar guitar keyboards drums – George Harrison – guitar sitar vocals – Ringo Starr – drums percussion vocals – Early members Pete Best – drums vocals – Stuart Sutcliffe – bass guitar vocals – Chas Newby – bass guitar – Norman Chapman – drums Tommy Moore – drums Touring members Jimmie Nicol – drums DiscographyMain article The Beatles discography Further information List of the Beatles songs The Beatles recording sessions and The Beatles bootleg recordings Original UK LPs Please Please Me With the Beatles A Hard Day s Night Beatles for Sale Help Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band The Beatles The White Album Yellow Submarine Abbey Road While My Guitar Gently Weeps is a song written by George Harrison first recorded by the Beatles in for their eponymous double album also known as the White Album The song features lead guitar by Eric Clapton although he was not formally credited on the album While My Guitar Gently Weeps is ranked at number on Rolling Stone s The Greatest Songs of All Time number on the magazine s list of the Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time and number on its list of The Beatles Greatest Songs In an online poll held by Guitar World magazine in February While My Guitar Gently Weeps was voted the best of Harrison s Beatle era songs In October Guitar World ranked Clapton s playing at number in its list of the Greatest Guitar Solos Contents Composition and recording Musical structure Personnel Performances Cover versions Notes References External links Composition and recording edit Inspiration for the song came to Harrison when reading the I Ching which as Harrison put it seemed to me to be based on the Eastern concept that everything is relative to everything else opposed to the Western view that things are merely coincidental Taking this idea of relativism to his parents home in northern England Harrison committed to write a song based on the first words he saw upon opening a random book Those words were gently weeps and he immediately began writing the song As he said I wrote While My Guitar Gently Weeps at my mother s house in Warrington I was thinking about the Chinese I Ching the Book of Changes The Eastern concept is that whatever happens is all meant to be and that there s no such thing as coincidence — every little item that s going down has a purpose While My Guitar Gently Weeps was a simple study based on that theory I decided to write a song based on the first thing I saw upon opening any book — as it would be relative to that moment at that time I picked up a book at random opened it saw gently weeps then laid the book down again and started the song The initial incarnation was not final as Harrison said Some of the words to the song were changed before I finally recorded it A demo recorded at George s home in Esher includes an unused verse I look at the trouble and see that it s raging Back in the U S S R is a song by The Beatles It is credited to the songwriting partnership Lennon–McCartney and written by Paul McCartney The song opens the double disc album The Beatles also known as The White Album and then segues into the album s next song Dear Prudence Contents Overview Writing and composition Recording Internal struggles Release Controversy Political reception Personnel Variations Cover versions Notes References External links Overview edit The song opens and closes with the sounds of a jet aircraft flying overhead and refers to a dreadful flight back to the U S S R from Miami Beach in the United States on board a BOAC aeroplane Propelled throughout by McCartney s uptempo piano playing and lead guitar riffs the lyrics tell of the singer s great happiness on returning home where the Ukraine girls really knock me out and the Moscow girls make me sing and shout and are invited to Come and keep your comrade warm He also looks forward to hearing the sound of balalaikas ringing out Writing and composition edit Paul McCartney wrote the song while the Beatles were in Rishikesh India studying Transcendental Meditation The title of the song is a tribute to Chuck Berry s Back in the U S A while the chorus and background vocals pay homage to the Beach Boys California Girls Mike Love of the Beach Boys also attended the retreat in Rishikesh at the same time and he has stated in interviews that in order to make the song sound more like a Beach Boys number he encouraged McCartney to talk about the girls all around Russia the Ukraine and Georgia in the lyrics In Love noted I was at the breakfast table when Paul McCartney came down with his acoustic guitar playing Back in the U S S R I said You ought to put something in about all the girls around Russia and he did The song also contains an allusion to Hoagy Carmichael s and Stuart Gorrell s Georgia on My Mind McCartney sings about the female population of the Soviet Republic of Georgia and Georgia s always on my mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mind right after the Ukraine girls and Moscow girls McCartney thought that when he listened to the Beach Boys it sounded like California so he decided to write a song that sounded like the U S S R The title was inspired in part by the I m Backing Britain campaign that had been endorsed by British Prime Minister Harold Wilson It has been suggested that McCartney twisted that into I m back in backin the U S S R In his interview with Playboy McCartney said I wrote that as a kind of Beach Boys parody And Back in the USA was a Chuck Berry song so it kinda took off from there I just liked the idea of Georgia girls and talking about places like the Ukraine as if they were California you know It was also hands across the water which I m still conscious of Cause they like us out there even though the bosses in the Kremlin may not The kids from there do And that to me is very important for the future of the race Recording edit Five takes were recorded of the backing track featuring McCartney on drums Harrison on electric guitar and Lennon on Fender Bass VI Take was chosen as best The exact order of overdubs is not clear McCartney recorded a full drum performance on Track with no other instrumental contributions by Lennon or Harrison On Track McCartney played bass while Harrison played the Bass VI sometimes doubling McCartney s bass line and sometimes playing full chords This capability was one of the benefits of the Bass VI it could be played as a bass or as a regular string guitar While they were playing their parts Lennon overdubbed snare on the off beats for the entire duration of the song without a single deviation or fill This performance was basically duplicated on Track possibly wiping the original backing track in the process On Track McCartney contributed a piano performance while Lennon and Harrison provided more bass and electric guitar With all four tracks a reduction was made into Take combining Tracks and into a single track and tracks and into another On the remaining two tracks McCartney recorded his lead vocal – double tracked in places – while Lennon and Harrison contributed handclaps and Beach Boys styled backing vocals Internal struggles edit The Beatles sessions allowed the four members to work on separate projects at the same time and as a result kept tensions to a minimum However tempers flared during the recording session on August and Ringo Starr walked out and announced that he had quit Back in the U S S R and Dear Prudence the first two tracks of the album were recorded without Starr with McCartney primarily responsible for the drum parts McCartney s drums are most prominent in the mix but both John Lennon and George Harrison also recorded drum parts for Back in the U S S R The Beach Boys played the song when Ringo Starr joined them for a live show It is the only time he is known to have performed the song however Starr appeared in the animated song clip shown on The Beatles Rock Band After the other Beatles urged him to return Starr rejoined the group almost two weeks later on September when he participated in the filming of a promotional video for Hey Jude George Harrison covered his drum kit in flowers to welcome him back During a break in the filming of the Hey Jude video Marc Sinden who appears in the film recalls Lennon playing a song on his acoustic guitar Everyone went Wow Filming started before we could ask what it was When it was later released we realised it was Back in the USSR Release edit Back in the U S S R was released by Apple as a single in Scandinavia backed with Don t Pass Me By A British single of the song was also released by Parlophone as a single in It featured the song Twist and Shout on Side B Controversy edit During the s The Beatles were officially derided in the USSR as the belch of Western culture and in the s McCartney was refused permission to play there According to The Moscow Times when McCartney finally got to play the song at his Back in the World tour in Moscow s Red Square in May at the age of the crowd went wild When asked about the song before the concert McCartney said he had known little about the Soviet Union when he wrote it It was a mystical land then he said It s nice to see the reality I always suspected that people had big hearts Now I know that s true Finally we got to do that one here he said after the song Political reception edit Like Revolution and Piggies Back in the U S S R prompted immediate responses from the New Left and Far Right who claimed the group were pro Soviet As further evidence of The Beatles supposed pro Soviet sentiments the John Birch Society magazine cited the song Back in the U S S R shocked many conservatives in the United States because the song appeared to be praising the US s enemy the North Vietnamese The line You don t know how lucky you are boys left many anti communist groups speechless Hey Jude is a song by the English rock band the Beatles written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney The ballad evolved from Hey Jules a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon s son Julian during his parents divorce Hey Jude begins with a verse bridge structure incorporating McCartney s vocal performance and piano accompaniment further instrumentation is added as the song progresses After the fourth verse the song shifts to a fade out coda that lasts for more than four minutes Hey Jude was released in August as the first single from the Beatles record label Apple Records More than seven minutes in length it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States the longest for any Beatles single Hey Jude tied the all time record at the time for the longest run at the top of the US charts The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics lists of the greatest songs of all time In Billboard named it the th biggest song of all time Contents Inspiration and writing Production Abbey Road rehearsals Trident Studios recording Mixing Composition and structure Release Promotion Critical reception Awards and accolades Auctioned lyrics Cover versions and performances Personnel Charts Weekly charts Year end charts All time charts Certifications Notes References Sources External links Inspiration and writing edit In May John Lennon and his wife Cynthia Lennon separated because of John s affair with Yoko Ono The following month Paul McCartney drove out to visit Cynthia and Lennon s son Julian at Kenwood the family s home in Weybridge Cynthia had been part of the Beatles social circle since before the band s rise to fame in McCartney later said he found it a bit much for them suddenly to be personae non gratae and out of my life Cynthia Lennon recalled of McCartney s surprise visit I was touched by his obvious concern for our welfare On the journey down he composed Hey Jude in the car I will never forget Paul s gesture of care and concern in coming to see us

I started with the idea Hey Jules which was Julian don t make it bad take a sad song and make it better Hey try and deal with this terrible thing I knew it was not going to be easy for him I always feel sorry for kids in divorces – Paul McCartney The song s original title was Hey Jules and it was intended to comfort Julian Lennon from the stress of his parents separation McCartney later said I knew it was not going to be easy for him and that he changed the name to Jude because I thought that sounded a bit better According to music journalist Chris Hunt in the weeks after writing the song McCartney test ed his latest composition on anyone too polite to refuse And that meant everyone On June after recording the Black Dyke Mills Band s rendition of his instrumental Thingumybob in Yorkshire McCartney stopped at a village in Bedfordshire and performed Hey Jude at a local pub He also regaled members of the Bonzo Dog Band with the song while producing their single I m the Urban Spaceman in London and interrupted a recording session by the Barron Knights to do the same Ron Griffith of the group the Iveys – soon to be known as Badfinger and like the Black Dyke Mills Band an early signing to the Beatles new record label Apple Records – later recalled that on their first day in the studio McCartney gave us a full concert rendition of Hey Jude nb When introducing the composition to Lennon McCartney assured him that he would fix the line the movement you need is on your shoulder reasoning that it s a stupid expression it sounds like a parrot Lennon replied You won t you know That s the best line in the song McCartney retained the phrase he later said of his subsequent live performances of the song that s the line when I think of John and sometimes I get a little emotional during that moment If you think about it Yoko s just come into the picture He s saying Hey Jude – Hey John I know I m sounding like one of those fans who reads things into it but you can hear it as a song to me Subconsciously he was saying Go ahead leave me On a conscious level he didn t want me to go ahead – John Lennon Although McCartney originally wrote Hey Jude for Julian John Lennon thought it had actually been written for him In a interview Lennon stated that he always heard it as a song to me and contended that on one level McCartney was giving his blessing to Lennon and Ono s relationship while on another he was disappointed to be usurped as Lennon s friend and songwriting partner Other people believed McCartney wrote the song about them including Judith Simons a journalist with the Daily Express Still others including Lennon have speculated that in the lyrics to Hey Jude McCartney s failing long term relationship with Jane Asher provided an unconscious message to himself McCartney and Asher had announced their engagement on December yet he began an affair with Linda Eastman in June that same month Francie Schwartz an American who was in London to discuss a film proposal with Apple began living with McCartney at his St John s Wood home When Lennon mentioned that he thought the song was about him and Ono McCartney denied it and told Lennon he had written the song about himself nb Author Mark Hertsgaard has commented that many of the song s lyrics do seem directed more at a grown man on the verge of a powerful new love especially the lines you have found her now go and get her and you re waiting for someone to perform with Music critic and author Tim Riley writes If the song is about self worth and self consolation in the face of hardship the vocal performance itself conveys much of the journey He begins by singing to comfort someone else finds himself weighing his own feelings in the process and finally in the repeated refrains that nurture his own approbation he comes to believe in himself Production edit Abbey Road rehearsals edit Having earmarked the song for release as a single the Beatles recorded Hey Jude during the sessions for their self titled double album commonly known as the White Album The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time partly as a result of Ono s constant presence at Lennon s side and also reflective of the four band members divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of to study Transcendental Meditation Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of Hey Jude as a song that glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group The Beatles first taped takes of the song at EMI s Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights and July with George Martin as their producer These dates served as rehearsals however since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight track recording machine Abbey Road was still limited to four tracks A take from July which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a jovial session was issued on the Anthology compilation in The July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music The film shows only three of the Beatles performing Hey Jude however since George Harrison remained in the studio control room with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott nb Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon s songs of the period During the rehearsals that day Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song Harrison s idea was to play a guitar phrase as a response to each line of the vocal which did not fit with McCartney s conception of the song s arrangement and he vetoed it In a interview McCartney said looking back on it I think Okay Well it was bossy but it was ballsy of me because I could have bowed to the pressure Ron Richards a record producer who worked for Martin at both Parlophone and AIR Studios said McCartney was oblivious to anyone else s feelings in the studio and that he was driven to making the best possible record at almost any cost nb Trident Studios recording edit The master track for Hey Jude was recorded at Trident Studios on July Trident s founder Norman Sheffield recalled that Mal Evans the Beatles aide and former roadie insisted that some pot plants he had brought be placed in the studio to make the place soft consistent with the band s wishes Sheffield served as recording engineer for the session The line up on the basic track was McCartney on piano and lead vocal Lennon on acoustic guitar Harrison on electric guitar and Ringo Starr on drums The Beatles recorded four takes of Hey Jude the first of which was selected as the master With drums absent for the first seconds of the song McCartney began this take unaware that Starr had just left for a toilet break Starr soon returned – tiptoeing past my back rather quickly in McCartney s recollection – and performed his cue perfectly McCartney added his timing was absolutely impeccable On August the group carried out overdubs on the basic track again at Trident These additions included McCartney s lead vocal and bass guitar backing vocals from Lennon McCartney and Harrison and tambourine played by Starr They then added a piece orchestra over the long coda scored by Martin The orchestra consisted of ten violins three violas three cellos two flutes one contra bassoon one bassoon two clarinets one contra bass clarinet four trumpets four trombones two horns percussion and two string basses With the introduction of what musicologist Walter Everett terms the bottom heavy orchestral instruments particularly the string basses McCartney s bass part was cut from the start of the coda onwards According to Sheffield there was dissension initially among the orchestral musicians some of whom were looking down their noses at the Beatles I think Sheffield recalls that McCartney ensured their cooperation by demanding Do you guys want to get fucking paid or not During the first few takes McCartney was unhappy about the lack of energy and passion in the orchestra s performance so he stood up on the grand piano and started conducting the musicians from there The Beatles then asked the orchestra members if they would clap their hands and sing along to the refrain in the coda All but one of the musicians complied for a double fee with the abstainer reportedly saying I m not going to clap my hands and sing Paul McCartney s bloody song Apple Records assistant Chris O Dell says she joined the cast of backing singers on the song one of the label s first signings Jackie Lomax also recalled participating Trident was paid £ per hour by EMI for the Hey Jude sessions Sheffield said that the studio earned about £ in total at the time but by having the Beatles record there and in turn raving about the facility the value was incalculable The band carried out further work at Trident during and Apple artists such as Lomax Mary Hopkin Billy Preston and the Iveys all recorded there over the next year nb Mixing edit Scott Martin and the Beatles mixed the finished recording at Abbey Road The transfer of the Trident master tape to acetate proved problematic due to the recording sounding murky when played back on EMI s equipment The issue was resolved with the help of Geoff Emerick whom Scott had recently replaced as the Beatles principal recording engineer Emerick happened to be visiting Abbey Road having recently refused to work with the Beatles any longer due to the tension and abuse that had become commonplace at their recording sessions A stereo mix of Hey Jude was then completed on August and the mono version on August nb Everett writes that the song s most commented on feature is its considerable length at The precedent for issuing such a long track on a single had recently been set by Richard Harris hit recording of MacArthur Park the composer of which Jimmy Webb was a visitor to the studio around this time According to Webb Martin admitted to him that Hey Jude was only allowed to run over seven minutes because of the success of MacArthur Park In the song s final bridge section at the spoken phrase Fucking hell appears Scott admits that although he was told about it he could not hear the words originally Lennon attributed the expletive to McCartney according to Emerick who reports Lennon s comment in his autobiography Paul hit a clunker on the piano and said a naughty word Lennon gleefully crowed but I insisted we leave it in at Trident buried just low enough so that it can barely be heard Most people won t ever spot it but we ll know it s there Womack considers that the expletive was actually uttered by Lennon Malcolm Toft the mix engineer on the Trident recording also attributes it to Lennon In Toft s recollection Lennon was overdubbing his harmony vocal when in reaction to the volume being too loud in his headphones he first called out Whoa then two seconds later swore as he pulled the headphones off nb Composition and structure edit sheet music cover Maclen Music Inc New York Hey Jude begins with McCartney singing lead vocals and playing the piano The patterns he plays are based on three chords F C and B I V and IV The main chord progression is flipped on its head in Hertsgaard s words for the coda since the C chord is replaced by E Everett comments that McCartney s melody over the verses borrows in part from John Ireland s liturgical piece Te Deum as well as with the first change to a B chord suggesting the influence of the Drifters hit Save the Last Dance for Me The second verse of the song adds accompaniment from acoustic guitar and tambourine Tim Riley writes that with the restrained tom tom and cymbal fill that introduces the drum part the piano shifts downward to add a flat seventh to the tonic chord making the downbeat of the bridge the point of arrival And any time you feel the pain At the end of each bridge McCartney sings a brief phrase Na na na na … supported by an electric guitar fill before playing a piano fill that leads to the next verse According to Riley this vocal phrase serves to reorient the harmony for the verse as the piano figure turns upside down into a vocal aside Additional musical details such as tambourine on the third verse and subtle harmonies accompanying the lead vocal are added to sustain interest throughout the four verse two bridge song The verse bridge structure persists for approximately three minutes after which the band leads into a four minute long coda consisting of nineteen rounds of the song s double plagal cadence During this coda the rest of the band backed by an orchestra that also provides backing vocals repeats the phrase Na na na na followed by the words hey Jude until the song gradually fades out In his analysis of the composition musicologist Alan Pollack comments on the unusual structure of Hey Jude in that it uses a binary form that combines a fully developed hymn like song together with an extended mantra like jam on a simple chord progression Riley considers that the coda s repeated chord sequence I VII IV I answers all the musical questions raised at the beginnings and ends of bridges since The flat seventh that posed dominant turns into bridges now has an entire chord built on it This three chord refrain allows McCartney a bedding to leap about on vocally so he ad libs his vocal performance for the rest of the song In Riley s estimation the song becomes a tour of Paul s vocal range from the graceful inviting tones of the opening verse through the mounting excitement of the song itself to the surging raves of the coda Release edit The Beatles are confident and cheerful and the human condition will be thrilled by the coming results of their willing and enduring Beatle bondage … they will give all of us new wonders to soothe our pain – Derek Taylor Hey Jude press release August Hey Jude was released on August in the United States and August in the United Kingdom backed with Revolution on the B side of a single It was one of four singles issued simultaneously to launch Apple Records – the others being Mary Hopkin s Those Were the Days Jackie Lomax s Sour Milk Sea and the Black Dyke Mills Band s Thingumybob In advance of the release date Apple declared – August to be National Apple Week in the UK and sent gift wrapped boxes of the records marked Our First Four to Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family and to the British prime minister The release was promoted by Derek Taylor who in Doggett s description hyped the first Apple records with typical elan Hey Jude was the first of the four singles since it was still designated as an EMI Parlophone release in the UK and a Capitol release in the US but with the Apple Records logo now added nb In America Hey Jude was the first Beatles single to be issued in a company sleeve rather than a picture sleeve Lennon wanted Revolution to be the A side of the single but the other Beatles did not agree In his interview with Rolling Stone he said Hey Jude was worthy of an A side but we could have had both In he told Playboy he still disagreed with the decision The single was a highly successful debut for Apple Records and contrasted with the public embarrassment the band faced after the recent closure of their short lived retail venture Apple Boutique Hey Jude began its sixteen week run on Britain s official singles chart on September claiming the top spot a week later It lasted two weeks on top before being replaced by Hopkin s Those Were the Days which was produced by McCartney Hey Jude was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA on September that same week NME reported that two million copies of the single had been sold The song entered the Billboard Hot in the US on September beginning a nineteen week chart run there It reached number one on September and held that position for nine weeks for three of which Those Were the Days held the number two spot This was the longest time spent by a Beatles single at number one as well as being the longest playing single to reach number one The song was the th number one hit for the band in America tying Elvis Presley s record at the time for most number one songs there Billboard ranked it as the number one song for In the UK where MacArthur Park had failed to top the chart Hey Jude remained the longest number one hit for nearly a quarter of a century It was surpassed in by Meat Loaf s I d Do Anything for Love But I Won t Do That which ran to as a single On November NME reported that sales had reached nearly six million copies worldwide Hey Jude became the biggest selling debut release for a record label ever selling an estimated eight million copies worldwide and topping the charts in eleven countries In it was certified x platinum by the RIAA representing four million units shipped in America Promotion edit A failed early promotional attempt for the single took place after the Beatles all night recording session on – August With Apple Boutique having closed a week before McCartney and his girlfriend Francie Schwartz painted Hey Jude Revolution across its large whitewashed shop windows The words were mistaken for anti Semitic graffiti since Jude means Jew in German leading to complaints from the local Jewish community and the windows being smashed by passers by Discussing the episode in The Beatles Anthology McCartney explained that he had been motivated by the location – Great opportunity Baker Street millions of buses going around … – and added I had no idea it meant Jew but if you look at footage of Nazi Germany Juden Raus was written in whitewashed windows with a Star of David I swear it never occurred to me According to Barry Miles McCartney caused further controversy in his comments to Alan Smith of the NME that month when he said Starvation in India doesn t worry me one bit not one iota … And it doesn t worry you if you re honest You just pose nb The Beatles hired Michael Lindsay Hogg to shoot a promotional film for Hey Jude after he had previously directed a clip for Paperback Writer in They settled on the idea of filming with a live albeit controlled audience In the film the Beatles are first seen by themselves performing the initial chorus and verses and then are joined by the audience who appear as the last chorus concludes and coda begins the audience sings and claps along with the Beatles through the song s conclusion Hogg shot the film at Twickenham Film Studios on September with McCartney himself designing the set Tony Bramwell a friend of the Beatles later described the set as the piano there drums there and orchestra in two tiers at the back The event marked Starr s return to the group after McCartney s criticism of his drumming had led to him walking out during a session for the White Album track Back in the U S S R During his two week absence Starr announced that he had left the band The final film was a combination of several different takes and included filmed introductions to the song by David Frost who introduced the Beatles as the greatest tea room orchestra in the world and Cliff Richard for their respective eponymous TV programmes As filming wore on Lennon repeatedly asked Lindsay Hogg if he had the footage he needed After twelve takes McCartney said I think that s enough and filming concluded It was first aired in the UK on Frost on Sunday on September and the film was later broadcast for the United States on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour on October According to Riley the showing on Frost on Sunday kicked Hey Jude into the stratosphere in terms of popularity Hertsgaard pairs it with the release of the animated film Yellow Submarine as two events that created a state of nirvana for Beatles fans in contrast with the problems besetting the band regarding Ono s influence and Apple Critical reception edit Upon the single s release Derek Johnson of the NME wrote The intriguing features of Hey Jude are its extreme length and the piece orchestral accompaniment – and personally I would have preferred it without either While he viewed the track overall as a beautiful compelling song and the first three minutes as absolutely sensational Johnson rued the long coda s vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four bar chorus Time magazine described the coda as a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records The same reviewer contrasted Hey Jude with its B side Revolution saying that The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort due to McCartney liltingly exhort ing a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love Rolling Stone also attributed the song s meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women to break the old pattern to really go through with love Other commentators interpreted Hey Jude as being directed at Bob Dylan then semi retired in Woodstock Writing in Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it one of McCartney s truest and most forthright love songs and was critical of its omission from The Beatles In their book The Beatles An Illustrated Record critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that Hey Jude promised great things for the ill conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the s market They noted also that the epic proportions of the piece encouraged many imitators yet these other artists failed to capture the gentleness and sympathy of the Beatles communal feel Among more recent commentators Alan Pollack admires Hey Jude as such a good illustration of two compositional lessons – how to fill a large canvas with simple means and how to use diverse elements such as harmony bassline and orchestration to articulate form and contrast Pollack considers that the song s long coda provides an astonishingly transcendental effect while AllMusic s Richie Unterberger similarly opines What could have very easily been boring is instead hypnotic because McCartney varies the vocal with some of the greatest nonsense scatting ever heard in rock … In his book Revolution in the Head Ian MacDonald wrote that the pseudo soul shrieking in the fade out may be a blemish but he praised the song as a pop rock hybrid drawing on the best of both idioms MacDonald concluded Hey Jude strikes a universal note touching on an archetypal moment in male sexual psychology with a gentle wisdom one might properly call inspired Lennon said the song was one of McCartney s masterpieces Awards and accolades edit Hey Jude was nominated for the Grammy Awards of in the categories of Record of the Year Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal but failed to win any of them In the NME Readers Poll Hey Jude was named the best single of the year and the song also won the Ivor Novello Award for A Side With the Highest Sales In Hey Jude was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame In Rolling Stone ranked Hey Jude at number eight on the Greatest Songs of All Time making it the highest placed Beatles song on the list Among its many appearances in other best song of all time lists VH placed it seventh in and Mojo ranked it at number in the same year having placed the song seventh in a list of The Greatest Singles of All Time In the NME ranked it th on the magazine s Top Singles of All Time and the track appeared at number on the same publication s The Greatest Songs of All Time in In January Hey Jude came in third on Channel s list of the Greatest Singles The Amusement Music Operators Association ranks Hey Jude as the th best jukebox single of all time In the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard s All Time Hot Songs In July Mojo placed Hey Jude at number on its list of The Greatest Beatles Songs between Eleanor Rigby and Come Together On a similar list compiled four years later Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven Auctioned lyrics edit Julian Lennon discovered that Hey Jude had been written for him almost twenty years after McCartney composed the song He recalled of his and McCartney s relationship Paul and I used to hang about quite a bit – more than Dad and I did We had a great friendship going and there seems to be far more pictures of me and Paul playing together at that age than there are pictures of me and my dad In Julian paid £ for the recording notes to Hey Jude at an auction He spent a further £ at the auction buying John Lennon memorabilia John Cousins Julian Lennon s manager stated at the time He has a few photographs of his father but not very much else He is collecting for personal reasons these are family heirlooms if you like In the original handwritten lyrics for the song were nearly auctioned off at Christie s in London The sheet of notepaper with the scrawled lyrics had been expected to fetch up to £ at the auction which was scheduled for April McCartney went to court to stop the auction claiming the paper had disappeared from his West London home Richard Morgan representing Christie s said McCartney had provided no evidence that he had ever owned the piece of paper on which the lyrics were written The courts decided in McCartney s favour and prohibited the sale of the lyrics They had been sent to Christie s for auction by Frenchman Florrent Tessier who said he purchased the piece of paper at a street market stall in London for £ in the early s In the original catalogue for the auction Julian Lennon had written It s very strange to think that someone has written a song about you It still touches me Cover versions and performances edit Hey Jude was one of the few Beatles songs that Elvis Presley covered when he rehearsed the track at his Memphis sessions with producer Chips Moman a recording that appeared on the album Elvis Now A medley of the Beatles Yesterday and Hey Jude was included on the reissue of Presley s live album On Stage A cover by Wilson Pickett attracted success and attention for the guitar work by a young Duane Allman Eric Clapton commented I remember hearing it and calling either Ahmet Ertegun or Tom Dowd and saying Who s that guitar player To this day I ve never heard better rock guitar playing on an R B record It s the best Weird Al Yankovic included Hey Jude in his first polka medley Polkas on from his album Weird Al Yankovic in D Katy Perry performed a cover of the song as part of the MusiCares Person of the Year concert honouring McCartney The Shadows did an instrumental cover in on their album Moonlight Shadows Paul McCartney sang the song in the closing moments of the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics hosted in London On August McCartney led the crowd in a rendition of Hey Jude while watching cycling at the velodrome Personnel edit Paul McCartney – lead vocal piano bass handclaps John Lennon – backing vocal acoustic guitar handclaps George Harrison – backing vocal lead guitar handclaps Ringo Starr – backing vocal drums tambourine handclaps Uncredited piece orchestra – violins three violas three cellos two double basses two flutes two clarinets one bass clarinet one bassoon one contrabassoon four trumpets two horns four trombones and one percussion instrument of these musicians on additional backing vocals and handclaps nb Personnel per Ian MacDonald and Mark Lewisohn Charts edit Weekly charts edit Chart – Peak position Australia Kent Music Report Australia Go Set National Top Austria Ö Austria Top Belgium Ultratop Flanders Canada CHUM Canada Top Singles RPM Denmark Finland France SNEP Germany Official German Charts Ireland IRMA Italy FIMI Japan Oricon International Chart Japan Oricon Singles Chart Netherlands Dutch Top Netherlands Single Top New Zealand RIANZ Norway VG lista Poland Spain AFE Sweden Switzerland Schweizer Hitparade UK Singles Official Charts Company US Billboard Hot US Cash Box US Record World Yugoslavia Džuboks Lennon–McCartney also written Lennon McCartney and occasionally known as McCartney–Lennon was the rock music songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon October – December and Paul McCartney born June of the Beatles It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history Between and the partnership published approximately jointly credited songs of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles forming the bulk of their catalogue Unlike many songwriting partnerships that comprise separate lyricist and composer both Lennon and McCartney wrote words and music Sometimes especially early on they would collaborate extensively when writing songs working nose to nose and eyeball to eyeball Later it became more common for one of the two credited authors to write all or most of a song with limited input from the other He provided a lightness an optimism while I would always go for the sadness the discords the bluesy notes John Lennon explained in his Playboy interviews By an agreement made before the Beatles became famous Lennon and McCartney were credited equally with songs that either one of them wrote while their partnership lasted Lennon–McCartney compositions have been the subject of numerous cover versions According to Guinness World Records Yesterday has been recorded by more artists than any other song Contents Working partnership Joint credit Lennon–McCartney vs McCartney–Lennon Other credits Non Beatles songs Unreleased songs See also Notes and references External links Working partnership edit Lennon and McCartney s first musical idols were The Everly Brothers Little Richard Chuck Berry Elvis Presley Buddy Holly and Smokey Robinson and the Miracles and they learned many of their songs and imitated their sound Their first compositions were written at McCartney s home Forthlin Road at Lennon s aunt Mimi s house Menlove Avenue or at the Liverpool Institute They often invited friends—including George Harrison Nigel Walley Barbara Baker and Lennon s art school colleagues—to listen to performances of their new songs The pair met on July at a local church fete where Lennon was playing with his skiffle group the Quarrymen Paul brought along by a mutual friend Ivan Vaughan impressed Lennon with his ability on the guitar and his version of Eddie Cochran s Flight Rock Soon after John Lennon asked McCartney if he would join the Quarrymen McCartney accepted and there the legacy was born Although Lennon and McCartney often wrote independently—and many Beatles songs are primarily the work of one or the other—it was rare that a song would be without some input from both writers In many instances one writer would sketch an idea or a song fragment and take it to the other to finish or improve in some cases two incomplete songs or song ideas that each had worked on individually would be combined into a complete song Often one of the pair would add a middle eight or bridge section to the other s verse and chorus Lennon called it Writing eyeball to eyeball and Playing into each other s noses This approach of the Lennon–McCartney songwriting team—with elements of competitiveness and mutual inspiration as well as straightforward collaboration and creative merging of musical ideas—is often cited as a key reason for the Beatles innovation and popular success As time went on the songs increasingly became the work of one writer or the other often with the partner offering up only a few words or an alternative chord A Day in the Life is a notable and well known example of a later Beatles song that includes substantial contributions by both Lennon and McCartney where a separate song fragment by McCartney Woke up fell out of bed dragged a comb across my head was used to flesh out the middle of Lennon s composition I read the news today oh boy Hey Jude is another example of a later McCartney song that had input from Lennon while auditioning the song for Lennon when McCartney came to the lyric the movement you need is on your shoulder McCartney assured Lennon that he would change the line—which McCartney felt was nonsensical—as soon as he could come up with a better lyric Lennon advised McCartney to leave that line alone saying it was one of the strongest in the song In his Playboy interview Lennon said of the partnership he provided a lightness an optimism while I would always go for the sadness the discords the bluesy notes There was a period when I thought I didn t write melodies that Paul wrote those and I just wrote straight shouting rock n roll But of course when I think of some of my own songs— In My Life or some of the early stuff This Boy —I was writing melody with the best of them However Lennon said the main intention of the Beatles music was to communicate and that to this effect he and McCartney had a shared purpose The book Help Songwriting Recording and Career Tips Used by the Beatles points out that at least half of all Lennon–McCartney lyrics have the words you and or your in the first line The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership makes up the majority of the Beatles catalogue The first two UK studio albums included twelve cover tunes and fifteen Lennon–McCartney songs with one track Don t Bother Me credited to George Harrison Their third UK album A Hard Day s Night is the only original Beatles album made up entirely of Lennon–McCartney compositions The next album released Beatles for Sale included six covers and eight Lennon–McCartney originals The subsequent release Help had two covers and two Harrison compositions along with ten Lennon–McCartney tracks and was the last Beatles album to feature a cover until Let It Be which featured an arrangement of the traditional Liverpool folk song Maggie Mae All other songs released on studio albums by the band after Help were original compositions with George Harrison contributing between one and four songs on each record Ringo Starr writing two songs Don t Pass Me By and Octopus s Garden and being given joint credit with Lennon and McCartney for a third What Goes On and a fourth and fifth joint credit on Flying and Dig It both songs credited to all four Beatles and the rest of the catalogue coming from Lennon and McCartney Lennon and McCartney gave songs to Starr to sing and to Harrison before he started writing his own material As for the songs they kept for themselves each partner mostly sang his own composition often with the other providing harmonies or they shared lead vocal If each contributed a fragment to make a whole song he might sing his portion see I ve Got a Feeling and A Day in the Life Every Little Thing is a rare example of a Lennon–McCartney composition written by one member of the partnership McCartney and sung by the other Lennon Joint credit edit McCartney and Lennon met in July as teenagers and began writing songs together they agreed that all songs written by them whether individually or jointly should be credited to both of them The precise date of the agreement is unknown however Lennon spoke in of an informal agreement between him and McCartney made when we were fifteen or sixteen Two songs written primarily by Lennon in Hello Little Girl and One After were credited to the partnership when published in the following decade The earliest Beatles recording credited to Lennon–McCartney to be officially released is You ll Be Mine recorded at home in and included on Anthology years later However some other compositions from the band s early years are not credited to the partnership In Spite of All the Danger a composition that the band then the Quarrymen paid to record to disc is attributed to McCartney and George Harrison Cayenne recorded at the same time as You ll Be Mine is a solo McCartney composition Cry for a Shadow recorded during the Beatles sessions with Tony Sheridan in June was written by Lennon and Harrison By the joint credit agreement was in effect From the time of the Beatles first A R audition in January that year until Lennon s announcement in September that he was leaving the band virtually all songs by McCartney or Lennon were published with joint credit The only exceptions were a handful of the McCartney compositions released by other artists viz Woman by Peter and Gordon in Cat Call by Chris Barber in and Penina by Carlos Mendes in After the partnership had ended Lennon and McCartney each gave account of their individual contribution to each jointly credited song In only five known cases is there a substantial difference between their recollections Help has been universally recognized as solely a Lennon penned composition However Paul McCartney claims to have helped on the countermelody estimating the song as – to Lennon During an interview with Playboy in McCartney stated that John and I wrote it at his house in Weybridge for the film Although Lennon said that McCartney helped only with the middle eight a short section of In My Life McCartney has said that he wrote the entire melody taking inspiration from Smokey Robinson songs McCartney said that he wrote Eleanor Rigby on a piano in the Ashers music room in Wimpole Street and later played it to Donovan before it was finished—a claim which Donovan confirmed Lennon said in that he wrote percent of the Eleanor Rigby lyrics but Pete Shotton Lennon s childhood friend remembered Lennon s contribution as being absolutely nil Whilst Lennon said that McCartney s contribution to Ticket to Ride was limited to the way Ringo played the drums McCartney said we sat down and wrote it together give him percent of it The song And Your Bird Can Sing is supposedly primarily by John Lennon but Paul McCartney claims to have helped on the lyric estimating the song as – to Lennon Lennon–McCartney vs McCartney–Lennon edit In October the Beatles released their first single in the UK Love Me Do credited to Lennon–McCartney However on their next three releases the following year viz the single Please Please Me the Please Please Me LP and the single From Me to You the credit was given as McCartney–Lennon With the She Loves You single released in August the credit reverted to Lennon–McCartney and all subsequent official Beatles singles and albums list Lennon–McCartney UK or J Lennon P McCartney US as the author of songs written by the two In McCartney s band Wings released their live album Wings over America with songwriting credits for five Beatles songs reversed to place McCartney s name first Neither Lennon nor Yoko Ono publicly voiced a word of disapproval about it Many years after Lennon s death however in the late s McCartney and Ono became involved in a dispute over the credit order McCartney s live album Back in the U S also used the credit Paul McCartney and John Lennon for all of the Beatles songs When Ono objected to McCartney s request for the reversed credit to be used for the song Yesterday McCartney said that he and Lennon had agreed in the past that the credits could be reversed if either of them wanted to on any future releases Later however he relented saying I m happy with the way it is and always has been Lennon and McCartney is still the rock n roll trademark I m proud to be a part of—in the order it has always been An in depth analysis of the legal issues is the subject of a page Pepperdine Law Review article from Other credits edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September A number of songs written primarily by the duo and recorded by the Beatles were credited as follows What Goes On Lennon–McCartney–Starkey Flying Harrison–Lennon–McCartney–Starkey Dig It Lennon–McCartney–Starkey–Harrison Maggie Mae Arrangement by Lennon–McCartney–Harrison–Starkey Free as a Bird Original composition by John Lennon Beatles version by John Lennon Paul McCartney George Harrison Ringo Starr Real Love Original composition by John Lennon Beatles version by John Lennon Paul McCartney George Harrison Ringo Starr Christmas Time Is Here Again edit of fan club version Lennon–McCartney–Harrison–Starr The German language versions of I Want to Hold Your Hand and She Loves You were also credited to additional songwriters for assisting with the translation Komm Gib Mir Deine Hand was credited to Lennon–McCartney–Nicolas–Hellmer and Sie Liebt Dich was credited to Lennon–McCartney–Nicolas–Montague Non Beatles songs edit Several songs credited to Lennon–McCartney were originally released by artists other than the Beatles especially those managed by Brian Epstein Recording a Lennon–McCartney song helped launch new artists careers Many of the recordings below were included on the compilation album The Songs Lennon and McCartney Gave Away Beatles versions of some of these were recorded some were not released until after their split on compilations such as Live at the BBC and The Beatles Anthology – Year Artist Song Peak Chart Position Notes The Rolling Stones I Wanna Be Your Man UK Beatles version released later in on With the Beatles Billy J Kramer with The Dakotas I ll Be on My Way B side Beatles version released on Live at the BBC Billy J Kramer with The Dakotas Bad to Me UK Beatles version released on iTunes download The Beatles Bootleg Recordings Billy J Kramer with The Dakotas I Call Your Name B side Beatles version released on The Beatles Second Album US and the Long Tall Sally EP UK in Billy J Kramer with The Dakotas I ll Keep You Satisfied UK Billy J Kramer with The Dakotas From a Window UK Tommy Quickly Tip of My Tongue – The Fourmost Hello Little Girl UK Beatles version released on Anthology The Fourmost I m in Love UK Beatles version released on iTunes download The Beatles Bootleg Recordings Cilla Black Love of the Loved UK Beatles version released on I Saw Her Standing There Cilla Black It s for You UK Cilla Black Step Inside Love UK Beatles version released on Anthology The Strangers with Mike Shannon One and One Is Two – The song was rejected by Billy J Kramer The Strangers with Mike Shannon were South African Peter Gordon A World Without Love UK Peter Gordon Nobody I Know UK Peter Gordon I Don t Want to See You Again – The Applejacks Like Dreamers Do UK Beatles version released on Anthology P J Proby That Means a Lot UK Beatles version released on Anthology Black Dyke Mills Band Thingumybob – Developed from an early version known as Etcetera demoed by Paul McCartney during a session for Mother Nature s Son on August Mary Hopkin Goodbye UK Plastic Ono Band Give Peace a Chance UK Although composed alone by Lennon McCartney was credited as co composer on the single appearance and on Lennon s compilation albums Shaved Fish and The John Lennon Collection The credit was revised in the s to cite only Lennon Note that several songs released during this period were credited solely to Paul McCartney Year Artist Song Peak Chart Position Notes Peter Gordon Woman UK US McCartney is credited as Bernard