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maintaining a bullseye-like appearance. (In the original design, the 'O' partially obscured the right third of the 'B', giving it the unintentional resemblance of an "E".) The Balkind-Brugger logo was modified in April 1980, redrawing the 'B' as a full letterform attaching the 'O'. (The 1975 and 1980 versions both were used concurrently in on-air network identifications and certain promotions until the former was phased out of usage in January 1981.) The simplicity of the logo makes it fairly easy to duplicate, something HBO has taken advantage of many times over the years. Glossed variant of current HBO logo, used since July 5, 2014. The logo would become familiarized to television viewers through a program opening sequence, often nicknamed "HBO in Space", which was produced by New York City production firm Liberty Studios in late 1981 and used on-air in some capacity from September 20, 1982 to September 30, 1997.[222] The original 70-second version begins with a panning shot of, depending on daypart, a family or a married couple sitting down to watch HBO on their apartment's television set. (This was replaced by a dark cloudscape that faded into the city sequence in December 1983.) Panning out the window, it transitions to a continuous fly-through shot (recorded in stop motion) over a custom-built model cityscape and countryside, leading to a pan shot towards a star-filled sky (the latter image begins a shorter version of the sequence). A starburst—or "stargate effect"—then unveils a chrome-plated, flying HBO logo. As it rotates toward the "O" in the logo, colored light streaks encircle the side of it, sparkling to reveal, in a partially animated segment, its interior and a silver axis in the area of the dot; more lights race counter-clockwise inside the "O"'s inner wall, revealing the type of program being presented in block text—most commonly, "HBO Feature Presentation" for movies or differing titles ("Standing Room Only", "HBO Special", "On Location", "HBO Family Showcase", etc.) for specials, series and film premieres—before the sequence fades to black after more light streaks sweep and shine across the text.[223] Most variants of this sequence were discontinued 1986; the feature presentation, "Saturday Night Movie" and "Sunday Night Movie" variants remained thereafter. (The latter two versions were discontinued in 1993, while the "Feature Presentation" variant was relegated exclusively for films leading off the prime time lineup.) Variants of the intro are available on YouTube, including one uploaded to HBO's official YouTube channel, and a seldom-used "World Premiere Presentation" variant was later featured in the intro of the 2019 HBO stand-up comedy special Dan Soder: Son of a Gary.[223] The accompanying fanfare—originally composed for Score Productions by Ferdinand Jay Smith III of Jay Advertising, who adapted the theme from the Scherzo movement of Antonín Dvorák's Ninth Symphony—eventually became an identification signature heard in interstitial music used in HBO's feature presentation and programming bumpers as well as network IDs beginning in 1998, instrumentally arranged in variants from horns to piano over the years. Another well-known HBO program opener, the Pacific Data Images-designed "Neon Lights", began non-prime-time movie presentations from November 1, 1986, to September 30, 1997. The sequence, set to a synth and electric guitar theme, begins with a heliotrope HBO logo on a film strip that rotates out of view, as blue, green and pink light rays penetrate through it and several glowing CG slots that follow, before a ray reaches a field of varied-color spheres that zoom outward to reveal a light purple HBO logo, which is overlaid by a cursive magenta "Movie" script against a black and purple sphere-dotted background.[224] After the Liberty and PDI sequences were retired, from September 1997 to September 1999, a series of six-second feature presentation bumpers—designed by Pittard Sullivan—showing the network logo in different settings (such as appearing as a fish in water, as a celebrity arriving at a film premiere in a limousine, chasing after a man against changing backgrounds, and as a large neon sign on a building rooftop) were used; the bumpers were also included in network IDs from 1997 to 2002, and in programming bumpers until 2000. A CGI feature presentation bumper—also designed by Pittard Sullivan—harkening the 1982 intro sequence was used from September 1999 to April 1, 2011. It commenced outside a movie theater facade (featuring a marquee that reads "HBO Feature Presentation"), following a trek through a country road, a snowy, cliffside mountain road, and a desert road (respectively passing
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