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In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents,[298] making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals (second generation immigrants) but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship;[299] in 2016, about 201,000 people became Italian citizens,[300] compared to 130,000 in 2014.[301] The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, who estimated to number at least 670,000 as of 2008.[302] Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants.[303] After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China[304] and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded. Currently, about one million Romanian citizens (around 10% of them being ethnic Romani people[305]) are officially registered as living in Italy, representing thus the most important individual country of origin, followed by Albanians and Moroccans with about 500,000 people each. The number of unregistered Romanians is difficult to estimate, but the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network suggested in 2007 that there might have been half a million or more.[306][note 2] As of 2010, the foreign born population of Italy was from the following regions: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 87% live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 13% live in the southern half. Languages Main articles: Languages of Italy, Italy's recognised minority languages, Italian language, and Regional Italian Geographic distribution of the Italian language in the world: Official language status Former official language status Presence of Italian-speaking communities Italy's official language is Italian, as stated by the framework law no. 482/1999[308] and Trentino Alto-Adige's special Statute,[309] which is adopted with a constitutional law. There are an estimated 64 million native Italian speakers[310][311][312] and another 21 million who use it as a second language.[313] Italian is often natively spoken in a regional variety, not to be confused with Italy's regional and minority languages;[314][315] however, the establishment of a national education system led to a decrease in variation in the languages spoken across the country during the 20th century. Standardisation was further expanded in the 1950s and 1960s due to economic growth and the rise of mass media and television (the state broadcaster RAI helped set a standard Italian
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