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was ranked the world's third most liveable city and Wellington the twelfth by the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.[258] Life expectancy for New Zealanders in 2012 was 84 years for females, and 80.2 years for males.[259] Life expectancy at birth is forecast to increase from 80 years to 85 years in 2050 and infant mortality is expected to decline.[260] New Zealand's fertility rate of 2.1 is relatively high for a developed country, and natural births account for a significant proportion of population growth. Consequently, the country has a young population compared to most industrialised nations, with 20% of New Zealanders being 14 years old or younger.[147] In 2018 the median age of the New Zealand population was 38.1 years.[261] By 2050 the median age is projected to rise to 43 years and the percentage of people 60 years of age and older to rise from 18% to 29%.[260] In 2008 the leading cause of premature death was cancer, at 29.8%, followed by ischaemic heart disease, 19.7%, and then cerebrovascular disease, 9.2%.[262] As of 2016, total expenditure on health care (including private sector spending) is 9.2% of GDP.[263] In the 2018 census, 71.8% of New Zealand residents identified ethnically as European, and 16.5% as Maori. Other major ethnic groups include Asian (15.3%) and Pacific peoples (9.0%).[n 3][3] The population has become more diverse in recent decades: in 1961, the census reported that the population of New Zealand was 92% European and 7% Maori, with Asian and Pacific minorities sharing the remaining 1%.[264] While the demonym for a New Zealand citizen is New Zealander, the informal "Kiwi" is commonly used both internationally[265] and by locals.[266] The Maori loanword Pakeha has been used to refer to New Zealanders of European descent, although some reject this name. The word Pakeha today is increasingly used to refer to all non-Polynesian New Zealanders.[267] The Maori were the first people to reach New Zealand, followed by the early European settlers. Following colonisation, immigrants were predominantly from Britain, Ireland and Australia because of restrictive policies similar to the White Australia policy.[268] There was also significant Dutch, Dalmatian,[269] German, and Italian immigration, together with indirect European immigration through
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Shauna Grant The Last Porn Queen |
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