On August Louis Peraino of Bryanston agreed to distribute the film worldwide from which Bozman and Skaaren would receive and percent of the profits Years later Bozman stated "We made a deal with the devil sigh and I guess that in a way we got what we deserved " They signed the contract with Bryanston and after the investors recouped their money with interest —and after Skaaren the lawyers and the accountants were paid—only was left to be divided among the cast and crew members Eventually the producers sued Bryanston for failing to pay them their full percentage of the box office profits A court judgment instructed Bryanston to pay the filmmakers but by then the company had declared bankruptcy In New Line Cinema acquired the distribution rights from Bryanston and gave the producers a larger share of the profits ReleaseThe Texas Chain Saw Massacre premiered on October in Austin Texas almost a year after filming concluded It screened nationally in the United States as a Saturday afternoon matinée and its false marketing as a "true story" helped it attract a broad audience For eight years after it was annually reissued to first run theaters promoted by full page ads The film eventually grossed more than million in the United States and Canada million in rentals making it the th highest grossing film initially released in despite its minuscule budget Among independent films it was overtaken in by John Carpenter s Halloween which grossed million The film which you are about to see is an account of the tragedy which befell a group of five youths in particular Sally Hardesty and her invalid brother Franklin — The opening crawl falsely suggests that the film is based on true events a conceit that contributed to its success Hooper reportedly hoped that the Motion Picture Association of America MPAA would give the complete uncut release print a "PG" rating due to its minimal amount of visible gore Instead it was originally rated "X" After several minutes were cut it was resubmitted to the MPAA and received an "R" rating A distributor apparently restored the offending material and at least one theater presented the full version under an "R" In San Francisco cinema goers walked out of theaters in disgust and in February two theaters in Ottawa Canada were advised by local police to withdraw the film lest they face morality charges

After its initial British release including a one year theatrical run in London The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was initially banned on the advice of British Board of Film Classification BBFC Secretary Stephen Murphy and subsequently by his successor James Ferman While the British ban was in force the word "chainsaw" itself was barred from movie titles forcing imitators to rename their films In despite the BBFC ban Camden London Borough Council granted the film a license The following year the BBFC passed The Texas Chain Saw Massacre for release with an certificate indicating that it should not be seen or purchased by a person under and it was broadcast a year later on Channel The Australian Classification Board refused to classify the minute version of the film in June the board similarly refused classification of a minute print in December that year In an minute version submitted by Greater Union Organization Film Distributors was again refused registration It was later submitted by Filmways Australia and approved for an "R" rating in It was banned for periods in many other countries including Brazil Chile Finland France Iceland Ireland Norway Singapore Sweden and West Germany ReceptionCritical responseThe Texas Chain Saw Massacre received a mixed reaction upon its initial release Linda Gross of the Los Angeles Times called it "despicable" and described Henkel and Hooper as more concerned with creating a realistic atmosphere than with its "plastic script" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times said it was "as violent and gruesome and blood soaked as the title promises" yet praised its acting and technical execution Patrick Taggart of the Austin American Statesman hailed it as the most important horror film since George A Romero s Night of the Living Dead Variety found the picture to be well made despite what it called the "heavy doses of gore" John McCarty of Cinefantastique stated that the house featured in the film made the Bates motel "look positively pleasant by comparison" Revisiting the film in his article "Fashions in Pornography" for Harper s Magazine Stephen Koch found its sadistic violence to be extreme and unimaginative Horror and exploitation films almost always turn a profit if they re brought in at the right price So they provide a good starting place for ambitious would be filmmakers who can t get more conventional projects off the ground The Texas Chainsaw Massacre belongs in a select company with Night of the Living Dead and Last House on the Left of films that are really a lot better than the genre requires Not however that you d necessarily enjoy seeing it — Roger Ebert writing for the Chicago Sun Times Critics later frequently praised both the film s aesthetic quality and its power Observing that it managed to be "horrifying without being a bloodbath you ll see more gore in a Steven Seagal film " Bruce Westbrook of the Houston Chronicle called it "a backwoods masterpiece of fear and loathing" TV Guide thought it was "intelligent" in its "bloodless depiction of violence" while Anton Bitel felt the fact that it was banned in the United Kingdom was a tribute to its artistry He pointed out how the quiet sense of foreboding at the beginning of the film grows until the viewer experiences "a punishing assault on the senses" In Hick Flicks The Rise and Fall of Redneck Cinema Scott Von Doviak commended its effective use of daylight shots unusual among horror films such as the sight of a corpse draped over a tombstone in the opening sequence Mike Emery of The Austin Chronicle praised the film s "subtle touches"—such as radio broadcasts heard in the background describing grisly murders around Texas—and said that what made it so dreadful was that it never strayed too far from potential reality It has often been described as one of the scariest films of all time Rex Reed called it the most terrifying film he had ever seen Empire described it as "the most purely horrifying horror movie ever made" and called it "never less than totally committed to scaring you witless" Reminiscing about his first viewing of the film horror director Wes Craven recalled wondering "what kind of Mansonite crazoid" could have created such a thing It is a work of "cataclysmic terror" in the words of horror novelist Stephen King who declared "I would happily testify to its redeeming social merit in any court in the country " Critic Robin Wood found it one of the few horror films to possess "the authentic quality of nightmare" Based on reviews published since the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reports that of critics gave it a positive review with an average score of out of Cultural impactThe Texas Chain Saw Massacre is considered one of the greatest—and most controversial—of horror films and a major influence on the genre In Richard Zoglin of Time commented that it had "set a new standard for slasher films" The Times listed it as one of the most controversial films of all time Tony Magistrale believes the film paved the way for horror to be used as a vehicle for social commentary Describing it as "cheap grubby and out of control" Mark Olsen of the Los Angeles Times declared that it "both defines and entirely supersedes the very notion of the exploitation picture" In his book Dark Romance Sexuality in the Horror Film David Hogan called it "the most affecting gore thriller of all and in a broader view among the most effective horror films ever made the driving force of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is something far more horrible than aberrant sexuality total insanity " According to Bill Nichols it "achieves the force of authentic art profoundly disturbing intensely personal yet at the same time far more than personal" Leonard Wolf praised the film as " an exquisite work of art" and compared it to a Greek tragedy noting the lack of onscreen violence Leatherface has gained a reputation as a significant character in the horror genre responsible for establishing the use of conventional tools as murder weapons and the image of a large silent killer devoid of personality Christopher Null of Filmcritic com said "In our collective consciousness Leatherface and his chainsaw have become as iconic as Freddy and his razors or Jason and his hockey mask " Don Sumner called The Texas Chain Saw Massacre a classic that not only introduced a new villain to the horror pantheon but also influenced an entire generation of filmmakers According to Rebecca Ascher Walsh of Entertainment Weekly it laid the foundations for future horror franchises such as Halloween The Evil Dead and The Blair Witch Project Ridley Scott cited it as an inspiration for his film Alien French director Alexandre Aja credited it as an early influence on his career Horror filmmaker and heavy metal musician Rob Zombie sees it as a major influence on his art most notably his film House of Corpses Marilyn Burns born Mary Lynn Ann Burns May – August was an American actress best known for her roles in Tobe Hooper s cult horror films The Texas Chain Saw Massacre and its sequels and Eaten Alive She is also known for portraying Linda Kasabian in the three time Emmy nominated miniseries Helter Skelter Contents Early life and career This article is about the Tobe Hooper film For the Diana Ross album see Eaten Alive album For the title track from the album see Eaten Alive song For the Barry Gibb album containing the demos made by him to the Ross album see The Eaten Alive Demos For the film by Umberto Lenzi see Eaten Alive For the television special see Eaten Alive TV special This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources August Eaten Alive Theatrical release poster Directed by Tobe Hooper Produced by Alvin L Fast Larry Huly Robert Kantor Mardi Rustam Mohammed Rustam Samir Rustam Written by Kim Henkel Alvin L Fast Mardi Rustam Starring Neville Brand Mel Ferrer Carolyn Jones Marilyn Burns Music by Wayne Bell Tobe Hooper Cinematography Robert Caramico Edited by Michael Brown Production company Mars Productions Corporation Release dates May USA Running time minutes Country United States Language English Eaten Alive known under various alternate titles including Death Trap Horror Hotel and Starlight Slaughter is an American horror film directed by Tobe Hooper and released in May It was written by Kim Henkel Alvin L Fast and Mardi Rustam and produced by Fast Larry Huly Robert Kantor and Mardi Mohammed and Samir Rustam The film stars Neville Brand Roberta Collins Robert Englund William Finley Marilyn Burns Janus Blythe and Kyle Richards Contents Plot Cast Neville Brand born Lawrence Neville Brand August –April was an American television and movie actor Contents Early life World War II Acting career Personal life Death Selected filmography Films Television Footnotes References External links Early life edit Neville Brand was born in Griswold Iowa to Leo Thomas Brand June –April and the former Helen Louise Davis August


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pascale-vital pat-manning pat-rhea patricia-dale patricia-diamond patricia-kennedy patricia-rhomberg patrizia-predan patti-cakes patti-petite paula-brasile paula-harlow paula-morton paula-price paula-winters pauline-teutscher penelope-pumpkins penelope-valentin petra-hermanova petra-lamas peyton-lafferty phaedra-grant pia-snow piper-fawn pipi-anderson porsche-lynn porsha-carrera precious-silver priscillia-lenn purple-passion queeny-love rachel-ashley rachel-love rachel-luv rachel-roxxx rachel-ryan rachel-ryder racquel-darrian rane-revere raven reagan-maddux rebecca-bardoux regan-anthony regine-bardot regula-mertens reina-leone reka-gabor renae-cruz renee-foxx renee-lovins renee-morgan renee-perez renee-summers renee-tiffany rhonda-jo-petty rikki-blake riley-ray rio-mariah rita-ricardo roberta-gemma roberta-pedon robin-byrd robin-cannes robin-everett robin-sane rochell-starr rosa-lee-kimball rosemarie roxanne-blaze roxanne-hall roxanne-rollan ruby-richards sabina-k sabre sabrina-chimaera sabrina-dawn sabrina-jade sabrina-johnson sabrina-love-cox sabrina-mastrolorenzi sabrina-rose sabrina-scott sabrina-summers sacha-davril sahara sahara-sands sai-tai-tiger samantha-fox samantha-ryan samantha-sterlyng samantha-strong samueline-de-la-rosa sandra-cardinale sandra-de-marco sandra-kalermen sandra-russo sandy-lee sandy-pinney sandy-reed sandy-samuel sandy-style sandy-summers sara-brandy-canyon sara-faye sarah-bernard sarah-cabrera sarah-hevyn sarah-mills sarah-shine sara-sloane sasha sasha-hollander sasha-ligaya sasha-rose satine-phoenix satin-summer savannah-stern savanna-jane scarlet-scarleau scarlet-windsor seka selena serena serena-south severine-amoux shana-evans shanna-mccullough shannon-kelly shannon-rush shantell-day sharon-da-vale sharon-kane sharon-mitchell shaun-michelle shawna-sexton shawnee-cates shay-hendrix shayne-ryder sheena-horne sheer-delight shelby-star shelby-stevens shelly-berlin shelly-lyons sheri-st-clair sheyla-cats shonna-lynn shyla-foxxx shy-love sierra-sinn sierra-skye sigrun-theil silver-starr silvia-bella silvia-saint silvie-de-lux silvy-taylor simone-west sindee-coxx sindy-lange sindy-shy siobhan-hunter skylar-knight skylar-price skyler-dupree smokie-flame smoking-mary-jane solange-shannon sonya-summers sophia-santi sophie-call sophie-duflot sophie-evans sophie-guers stacey-donovan stacy-lords stacy-moran stacy-nichols stacy-silver stacy-thorn starla-fox starr-wood stefania-bruni stella-virgin stephanie-duvalle stephanie-rage stephanie-renee stevie-taylor summer-knight summer-rose sunny-day sunset-thomas sunshine-seiber susan-hart susanne-brend susan-nero susi-hotkiss suzanne-mcbain suzan-nielsen suzie-bartlett suzie-carina suzi-sparks sweet-nice sweety-pie sybille-rossani sylvia-benedict sylvia-bourdon sylvia-brand sylvia-engelmann syreeta-taylor syren-de-mer syvette szabina-black szilvia-lauren tai-ellis taija-rae taisa-banx talia-james tamara-lee tamara-longley tamara-n-joy tamara-west tami-white tammy tammy-lee tammy-reynolds tania-lorenzo tantala-ray tanya-danielle tanya-fox tanya-foxx tanya-lawson tanya-valis tara-aire tasha-voux tatjana-belousova tatjana-skomorokhova tawnee-lee tawny-pearl tayla-rox taylor-wane teddi-austin teddi-barrett tera-bond tera-heart tera-joy teresa-may teresa-orlowski teri-diver teri-weigel terri-dolan terri-hall tess-ferre tess-newheart thais-vieira tia-cherry tianna tiara tiffany-blake tiffany-clark tiffany-duponte tiffany-rayne tiffany-rousso tiffany-storm tiffany-towers tiffany-tyler tiger-lily tigr timea-vagvoelgyi tina-blair tina-burner tina-evil tina-gabriel tina-loren tina-marie tina-russell tish-ambrose tommi-rose tonisha-mills topsy-curvey tori-secrets tori-sinclair tori-welles tracey-adams traci-lords traci-topps traci-winn tracy-duzit tracy-love tracy-williams tricia-devereaux tricia-yen trinity-loren trisha-rey trista-post trixie-tyler ultramax ursula-gaussmann ursula-moore uschi-karnat valentina valerie-leveau valery-hilton vanessa-chase vanessa-del-rio vanessa-michaels vanessa-ozdanic vanilla-deville velvet-summers veri-knotty veronica-dol veronica-hart veronica-hill veronica-rayne veronica-sage veronika-vanoza via-paxton vicky-lindsay vicky-vicci victoria-evans victoria-gold victoria-knight victoria-luna victoria-paris victoria-slick victoria-zdrok viper virginie-caprice vivian-valentine vivien-martines wendi-white wendy-divine whitney-banks whitney-fears whitney-wonders wonder-tracey wow-nikki xanthia-berstein yasmine-fitzgerald yelena-shieffer yvonne-green zara-whites zsanett-egerhazi zuzie-boobies

–October as one of seven children His father had worked as an electrician and bridge building steelworker in Detroit Neville was raised in Kewanee Illinois where he attended high school After his schooling he helped support the family employed as a soda jerk waiter and shoe salesman in Kewanee He entered the Illinois Army National Guard on October as a private in Company F th Infantry Regiment He was enlisted in the United States Army as Corporal Neville L Brand infantryman on March World War II edit He trained at Fort Carson and served in World War II seeing action with the st Infantry Regiment of the rd Infantry Division Thunderbolt Division in the Ardennes Rhineland and Central European campaigns Brand a sergeant and platoon leader was wounded in action along the Weser River on April His upper right arm was hit by a bullet and he nearly bled to death His official military records indicate that he participated in the Ardennes Rhineland and Central European campaigns and was awarded the Silver Star for gallantry in combat while convalescing at the st General Hospital His other awards and decorations are the Purple Heart the Good Conduct Medal the American Defense Service Ribbon the European African Middle Eastern Theater Ribbon with three Battle Stars one Overseas Service Bar one Service Stripe and the Combat Infantryman s Badge In a interview he explained the Silver Star Withering fire from German machine guns in a hunting lodge kept him and his unit pinned down “I must have flipped my lid ” he said “I decided to go into that lodge ” He was discharged from service in October He worked on a U S Army Signal Corps film with Charlton Heston and next settled in Greenwich Village and enrolled at the American Theatre Wing working off Broadway including Jean Paul Sartre s The Victors He also attended the Geller Drama School in Los Angeles on the G I Bill Acting career edit Brand started his big screen career in D O A as a henchman named Chester His hulking physique rough hewn craggy faced looks and gravelly voice lead to him largely playing gangsters Western outlaws and other screen "heavies " cops and other tough guy roles throughout his career He became well known as a villain when he killed the character played by Elvis Presley in Love Me Tender He has the distinction of being the first actor to portray outlaw Butch Cassidy in the film Three Outlaws opposite Alan Hale Jr as the Sundance Kid Though not the big budget romp the later Paul Newman–Robert Redford film was both Brand s Cassidy and Hale s Kid are played as likable outlaws a rare change from Brand s typecasting as a murderous psycho However Brand was occasionally cast against type playing a romantic lead in the movie Return from the Sea with Jan Sterling and a heartwarming character who was brain damaged and misunderstood in an episode of the TV show Daniel Boone He played Hoss Cartwright s Dan Blocker Swedish uncle Gunnar Borgstrom on Bonanza in the episode “The Last Viking ” He also played U S Navy Lieutenant Kaminsky ignored as he tried to warn his commander of the opening skirmish in Tora Tora Tora Of the hundreds of roles he played he is probably most well known as Al Capone in the TV show The Untouchables and again in the movie The George Raft Story The characterization including in the TV show s pilot episode an odd broken English pseudo Italian accent which the American borne Capone did not have in real life caused an outcry from the Italian American community over stereotypes He also portrayed a prison guard of Birdman of Alcatraz and as the antagonistic and untrusting yet dedicated POW Duke in Stalag In Brand appeared as Major Marvin Groper in The Ninth Configuration written and directed by The Exorcist author William Peter Blatty Brand was also known for his roles in Westerns he appeared in numerous Westerns throughout the s s and s including The Tin Star with Henry Fonda and Anthony Perkins The Desperados with Jack Palance and The Deadly Trackers with Richard Harris On television he appeared in The Virginian and then went on to star as Reese Bennet in the series Laredo Brand co starred with George Takei in “The Encounter ” an episode of the original Twilight Zone series Brand a genuine decorated veteran portrays a phony war hero a coward who obtained his prize trophy a Japanese soldier s sword by murdering a Japanese officer after he had surrendered Personal life edit Brand was an insatiable reader who amassed a collection of books over the years many of which were destroyed in a fire at his Malibu home Death edit Brand died from emphysema at Sutter General Hospital in Sacramento California on April After a private funeral service Brand was cremated and his remains are interred in a niche of the Morning Glory Room at East Lawn Memorial Park in Sacramento Brand was survived by his wife Rae and three daughters Selected filmography edit Films edit D O A Where the Sidewalk Ends Halls of Montezuma Only the Valiant The Mob Kansas City Confidential The Turning Point Stalag Duke Gun Fury The Charge at Feather River The Man from the Alamo The Lone Gun Riot in Cell Block The Prodigal Fury at Gunsight Pass Mohawk Three Outlaws as Butch Cassidy Love Me Tender The Tin Star Badman s Country Cry Terror Five Gates to Hell The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Last Sunset The George Raft Story as Al Capone Birdman of Alcatraz Hero s Island That Darn Cat The Desperados Tora Tora Tora Cahill U S Marshal The Deadly Trackers The Mad Bomber This Is a Hijack Scalawag Killdozer TV Psychic Killer Eaten Alive Fire TV Hi Riders The Seekers TV Five Days from Home The Ninth Configuration Without Warning The Return Evils of the Night Television edit Stage episode "Armed" Maj Stevens The Scarface Mob TV Movie Al Capone The Untouchables episode Pilot Al Capone Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse episodes "The Untouchables Parts " Al Capone Bonanza episode "The Last Viking" Gunnar Borgstrom Rawhide episode "Incident of the Devil and His Due" Gaff The Untouchables episode "The Big Train Parts " Al Capone Death Valley Days episode "Preacher with a Past" John Wesley Hardin Ben Casey episode "Will Everyone Who Believes in Terry Dunne Please Applaud" Terry Dunne Rawhide episode "Incident of the Red Wind" Lou Bowdark Wagon Train episode "The Zebedee Titus Story" Zebedee Titus Destry episode "The Solid Gold Girl" Johnny Washburn The Twilight Zone episode "The Encounter" Fenton Wagon Train episode "The Jed Whitmore Story" Sheriff Frank Lewis aka Jed Whitmore Combat episode "Fly Away Home" Sergeant Polaski Gunsmoke episode "Kioga" Jayce McCaw The Virginian episode "We ve Lost a Train" Reese Bennett Laredo episodes Reese Bennett Daniel Boone episode "Tanner" Tanner Bonanza episode "The Luck of Pepper Shannon" Pepper Shannon The Virginian episode "Gun Quest" Sheriff Wintle Alias Smith and Jones episode "Shootout at Diablo Station" Chuck Gorman Bonanza episode "The Rattlesnake Brigade" Doyle Alias Smith and Jones episode "Which Way to the O K Corral " Sam Bacon Marcus Welby M D episode "Don t Talk About Darkness" Kenny Carpenter Longstreet episode "Survival Times Two" La Brien McCloud episode "Fifth Man in a Strong Quartet" Fred Schultke McCloud episode "The Solid Gold Swingers" Lt Roy Mackie The Magician episode "Lighting on a Dry Day" Sheriff Platt Kojak episode "Sweeter Than Life" Sonny South McCloud episode "Three Guns for New York" Burl Connors Police Story episode "War Games" Norman Schoeler Police Woman episode "The Loner" Briscoe Swiss Family Robinson episode "Jean LaFitte Part " Gambi Captains and the Kings O Herlihy The Eddie Capra Mysteries episode "Murder Plays a Dead Hand" Frankie Dallas Quincy M E episode "Dark Angel" Police Officer Tommy Bates Fantasy Island episode "Nona One Million B C " Lucus Production Release Video nasty Critical reception References External links Plot edit After refusing a request from frisky customer named Buck Robert Englund naive prostitute Clara Wood Roberta Collins is evicted from the town brothel by the madam Miss Hattie Carolyn Jones Clara makes her way to a decrepit hotel called the Starlight Hotel located deep in a swamp where she encounters the middled aged mentally disturbed proprietor Judd Neville Brand and his pet Nile crocodile in the swamp beside the porch Upon realizing Clara was a prostitute the sexualy frustrated Judd attacks her while ranting and raving When Clare fights back Judd stabs her with a garden rake and feeds her dead body to the crocodile Some days later a fractious couple the outgoing Faye Marilyn Burns and the disturbed Roy William Finley arrive at the hotel along with their young daughter Angie Kyle Richards They soon experience the trauma of Angie s overly curious pet dog being eaten by the crocodile Faye and Roy take their daughter to their room to try to calm her down Meanwhile Harvey Wood Mel Ferrer and his daughter Libby Crystin Sinclaire arrive at the hotel seeking information on Clara Harvey s runaway daughter Judd denies ever meeting Clara to them Harvey and Libby soon leave after checking into the hotel to try locate Clara at the brothel Roy decides to shoot the crocodile for eating their dog Judd intervienes and during the struggle Roy shoots Judd in his right leg only it is revealed that Judd s leg is a wooden prostetic During the fight Roy is stabbed by Judd with a scythe and he is then being attacked and devoured by the crocodile After getting Angie to sleep Faye goes into the bathroom for a bath however is interrupted by Judd who begins to beat her Angie wakes up and flees the hotel however is trapped underneath the hotel by Judd who proceeds to tie up Faye to a bed in a vacant room at the hotel Accompanied by Sheriff Martin Stuart Whitman Harvey and Libby question Miss Hattie who denies ever seeing Clara Harvey returns to the hotel alone while Libby stays in town to eat dinner with the Sheriff After ariving back Harvey hears Angie s crying and while investigating is attacked by Judd who kills him by stabbing him in the neck with his scythe Judd then drags Harvey s body into the swamp where the crocodile eats it While Sheriff Martin and Libby are at the bar having dinner and drinks Martin kicks out Buck and his girlfriend Lynette Janus Blythe after a fight nearly breaks out The pair venture to the hotel much to the annoyance of Judd who had earlier warned Buck to stay away from his land While in their room they hear Angie s cries for help Buck goes to investigate and is pushed into the swamp by Judd where he is quickly eaten Lynette hears the commotion and goes outside only to be chased by Judd and his scythe through the swamps She manages to get to a road where she flags down a passing car and gets away Libby arrives back at the hotel and goes up to her room Judd arrives back also and opens up the gate for the crocodile to get in under the house so it can eat Angie Meanwhile Libby discovers Faye tied up in the vacant room After untying her the women attempt to leave however Judd chases them back upstairs where he wounds Faye with the scythe Libby escapes and begins to help Angie out of the swamp she has managed to get into Judd throws Faye off a balcony before he attempts to push Angie back into the swamp while struggling with Libby but Faye arrives and pushes Judd over the wire fence into the swamp where he is devoured by his pet crocodile Sheriff Martin arrives at the hotel to arrest Judd after being called upon by Lynette only to find the emotionally shaken Libby and Angie along with the wounded Faye All that is left of Judd is his wooden leg floating in the swamp beside the hotel Cast edit Neville Brand as Judd Mel Ferrer as Harvey Wood Carolyn Jones as Miss Hattie Marilyn Burns as Faye William Finley as Roy Stuart Whitman as Sheriff Martin Roberta Collins as Clara Wood Kyle Richards as Angie Robert Englund as Buck Crystin Sinclaire as Libby Wood Janus Blythe as Lynette Production edit The film was shot entirely on soundstages at Raleigh Studios in Hollywood California The plot was very loosely based on the story of Joe Ball also known as the Bluebeard from South Texas or the Alligator Man who lived in Elmendorf Texas in the s after Prohibition ended He owned a bar with an alligator pit serving as an entertainment attraction Several murders of women ensued but it was never proven that the flesh found in the pit was human Joe Ball committed suicide upon possibility of capture Release edit Video nasty edit This movie was one of the so called "video nasties" in the UK during the height of the issue during and Mary Whitehouse took a personal objection to this movie citation needed Critical reception edit This section requires expansion March Eaten Alive has received a negative response from critics and currently holds a approval rating on movie review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on ten reviews An African hand made poster for the movie is included in the book Extreme Canvas Hand Painted Movie Posters from Ghana by Ernie Wolfe Horror roles Other works Filmography References External links Early life and career edit Burns was born in Erie Pennsylvania and raised in Houston Texas In seventh grade she appeared in a musical production of A Midsummer Night s Dream In she made her first film appearance in the Robert Altman movie Brewster McCloud Burns attended the University of Texas at Austin and graduated from there with a degree in Drama in Burns was cast in Lovin Molly but was replaced by Susan Sarandon Burns stayed on as a stand in for Sarandon and Blythe Danner She also had a small part in George Roy Hill s The Great Waldo Pepper where she helped cast some of the film s extras Horror roles edit In Tobe Hooper s The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Burns in her first lead role played Sally Hardesty a teenager who travels with her brother and some friends to the cemetery where her grandfather is buried to investigate reports of grave vandalism and then encounters an insane murderous family including the chainsaw wielding Leatherface The film was a massive hit becoming one of the most successful independent films ever at the time Other works edit In Burns had a role in the television miniseries Helter Skelter about the real life trial of Charles Manson and several others In the series she played Linda Kasabian a member of the Manson Family who was granted immunity in exchange for her testimony against the defendants The miniseries was nominated for three Emmy awards Recalling her memories of working on Helter Skelter Burns said "It was a great experience But nobody really wanted to touch it due to the subject matter It was like Who wants to be in that picture Who s actually gonna do that picture " Burns had a few roles in the s Kiss Daddy Goodbye Future Kill and had an uncredited cameo as her character from the original film Sally Hardesty in Texas Chainsaw Massacre The Next Generation Burns also made a cameo appearance playing Verna Carson in the sequel Texas Chainsaw D which was released on January However aside from these roles and occasional appearances at Horror conventions Burns lived a relatively quiet life out of the spotlight in the Houston area during her later years Burns was found dead in her Houston Texas home by her brother Bill She reportedly died of a heart attack in her sleep although this has not been confirmed Filmography edit Year Title Role The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Sally Hardesty Helter Skelter Linda Kasabian Eaten Alive Faye Kiss Daddy Goodbye Nora Dennis Future Kill Dorothy Grim The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre The Next Generation Patient on Gurney Sally Hardesty Butcher Boys Ruth Texas Chainsaw D Verna Carson Sally Hardesty Sacrament Beulah Standifer Mindflip Marilyn Hardesty In a Madman s World Mrs Hill The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was selected for the Cannes Film Festival Directors Fortnight and London Film Festival In it won the Special Jury Prize at the Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival in France Entertainment Weekly ranked the film sixth on its list of "The Top Cult Films" In a Total Film poll it was selected as the greatest horror film of all time It was named among Time magazine s top horror films in In the film ranked number on Empire magazine s list of "The Greatest Movies of All Time" Empire also ranked it th in its list of the greatest independent films In a Total Film poll it was again selected as the greatest horror film the judging panel included veteran horror directors such as John Carpenter Wes Craven and George A Romero In as well The Guardian ranked it number on its list of the top horror films The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was inducted into the Horror Hall of Fame in with director Hooper accepting the award and it is part of the permanent collection of New York City s Museum of Modern Art In the film was named by critics in the British Film Institute s Sight Sound magazine as one of the greatest films Themes and analysisThe underlying themes of the film have been the subject of extensive critical discussion critics and scholars have interpreted it as a paradigmatic exploitation film in which female protagonists are subjected to brutal sadistic violence Stephen Prince comments that the horror is "born of the torment of the young woman subjected to imprisonment and abuse amid decaying arms and mobiles made of human bones and teeth " As with many horror films it focuses on the "final girl" trope—the heroine and inevitable lone survivor who somehow escapes the horror that befalls the other characters Sally Hardesty is wounded and tortured yet manages to survive with the help of a male truck driver Critics argue that even in exploitation films in which the ratio of male and female deaths is roughly equal the images that linger will be of the violence committed against the female characters The specific case of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre provides support for this argument three men are killed in quick fashion but one woman is brutally slaughtered—hung on a meathook—and the surviving woman endures physical and mental torture In critic Mary Mackey described the meathook scene as probably the most brutal onscreen female death in any commercially distributed film She placed it in a lineage of violent films that depict women as weak and incapable of protecting themselves In one study a group of men were shown five films depicting differing levels of violence against women On first viewing The Texas Chain Saw Massacre they experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety however upon subsequent viewing they found the violence against women less offensive and more enjoyable Another study investigating gender specific perceptions of slasher films involved male and female university students One male participant described the screaming especially Sally s as the "most freaky thing" in the film According to Jesse Stommel of Bright Lights Film Journal the lack of explicit violence in the film forces viewers to question their own fascination with violence that they play a central role in imagining Nonetheless—citing its feverish camera moves repeated bursts of light and auditory pandemonium—Stommel asserts that it involves the audience primarily on a sensory rather than an intellectual level Hooper s apocalyptic landscape is a desert wasteland of dissolution where once vibrant myth is desiccated The ideas and iconography of Cooper Bret Harte and Francis Parkman are now transmogrified into yards of dying cattle abandoned gasoline stations defiled graveyards crumbling mansions and a ramshackle farmhouse of psychotic killers The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is recognizable as a statement about the dead end of American experience

— Christopher Sharrett Critic Christopher Sharrett argues that since Alfred Hitchcock s Psycho and The Birds the American horror film has been defined by the questions it poses "about the fundamental validity of the American civilizing process" concerns amplified during the s by the "delegitimation of authority in the wake of Vietnam and Watergate" "If Psycho began an exploration of a new sense of absurdity in contemporary life of the collapse of causality and the diseased underbelly of American Gothic" he writes The Texas Chain Saw Massacre "carries this exploration to a logical conclusion addressing many of the issues of Hitchcock s film while refusing comforting closure" Robin Wood characterizes Leatherface and his family as victims of industrial capitalism their jobs as slaughterhouse workers having been rendered obsolete by technological advances He states that the picture "brings to focus a spirit of negativity that seems to lie not far below the surface of the modern collective consciousness" Naomi Merritt explores the film s representation of "cannibalistic capitalism" in relation to Georges Bataille s theory of taboo and transgression She elaborates on Wood s analysis stating that the Sawyer family s values "reflect or correspond to established and interdependent American institutions but their embodiment of these social units is perverted and transgressive " In Kim Newman s view Hooper s presentation of the Sawyer family during the dinner scene parodies a typical American sitcom family the gas station owner is the bread winning father figure the killer Leatherface is depicted as a bourgeois housewife the hitchhiker acts as the rebellious teenager Isabel Cristina Pinedo author of Recreational Terror Women and the Pleasures of Horror Film Viewing states "The horror genre must keep terror and comedy in tension if it is to successfully tread the thin line that separates it from terrorism and parody this delicate balance is struck in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre in which the decaying corpse of Grandpa not only incorporates horrific and humorous effects but actually uses one to exacerbate the other " The Texas Chain Saw Massacre has also been described as "the ultimate pro vegetarian film" due to its animal rights themes In a video essay film critic Rob Ager describes the irony in humans being slaughtered for meat putting humans in the position of being slaughtered like farm animals Director Tobe Hooper gave up meat while making the film and said "In a way I thought the heart of the film was about meat it s about the chain of life and killing sentient beings " Post release The Texas Chain Saw Massacre screening at the Hollywood Theatre in Portland Oregon July The Texas Chain Saw Massacre has appeared on various home video formats It was first released on videotape and CED in the s by Wizard Video and Vestron Video Just as the British Board of Film Classification had already banned the theatrical version the BBFC banned the home version in amid a moral panic surrounding "video nasties" After the retirement of BBFC chief Ferman in the board passed the film uncut on video as well as film with an certificate almost years after the original release The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was released on DVD in October in the United States and in May in the United Kingdom An initial Australian DVD release in was followed by a revised version six years later Dark Sky Films released a two disc "ultimate" edition featuring several interviews restored audio and picture quality and other extras including deleted scenes Dark Sky Films released a Blu ray version on September In March Dark Sky announced the film had received a k restoration and will be re released in June to celebrate the film s th anniversary The k restoration version is scheduled to be screened in the Directors Fortnight section of the Cannes Film Festival Shortly after The Texas Chain Saw Massacre established itself as a success on home video in Wizard Video released a mass market video game adaptation for the Atari In the game the player assumes the role of Leatherface and attempts to murder trespassers while avoiding obstacles such as fences and cow skulls As one of the first horror themed video games The Texas Chainsaw Massacre caused controversy when it was first released due to its violent nature it sold poorly as a result because many game stores refused to stock it The film was followed by two sequels a remake a film that straddles both those categories and a prequel The first sequel The Texas Chainsaw Massacre was considerably more graphic and violent than the original and was banned in Australia for years before it was released on DVD in a revised special edition in October Leatherface The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III was the second sequel to appear though Hooper did not return to direct due to scheduling conflicts with another film Spontaneous Combustion Texas Chainsaw Massacre The Next Generation starring Renée Zellweger and Matthew McConaughey was released in While briefly acknowledging the events of the preceding two sequels its plot makes it a virtual remake of the original A straight remake The Texas Chainsaw Massacre was released by Platinum Dunes and New Line Cinema in It was followed by a prequel The Texas Chainsaw Massacre The Beginning in A seventh film Texas Chainsaw D was released on January It is a direct sequel to the original film with no relation to the or films Hatred of a Minute Barry Witchunter Michael Jones Direct to video Rachel s Attic Ronald Sinister The Piper Short film Next Victim Doctor Howard The Business Grandfather Short film direct to video Chainsaw Sally Daddy Murder Set Pieces Mechanic Apocalypse and the Beauty Queen Reggie Wolfsbayne The Elder Swarm of the Snakehead Gunner The Deepening Dr Chambers Brutal Massacre A Comedy Krenshaw Shudder Direct to video Gimme Skelter Porter Sandford Won Ton Baby Dr Kurt Severson It Came from Trafalgar Tex Ghoul Reykjavik Whale Watching Massacre Captain Pétur Texas Chainsaw D Boss Sawyer Leatherface Archive Footage Cameo As self edit Terror in the Aisles – archival footage Texas Chainsaw Massacre A Family Portrait Texas Chainsaw Massacre The Shocking Truth Leatherface Speaks An Informal Interview with Gunnar Hansen Behind the Attic Door The Making of "Rachel s Attic" UnConventional Flesh Wounds Seven Stories of the Saw Contents Chronology Formation Geological history Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis April – October was an American actress of film television and theater Regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history she was noted for her willingness to play unsympathetic sardonic characters and was reputed for her performances in a range of film genres from contemporary crime melodramas to historical and period films and occasional comedies although her greatest successes were her roles in romantic dramas After appearing in Broadway plays Davis moved to Hollywood in but her early films for Universal Studios and as loanout to other studios were unsuccessful She joined Warner Bros in and established her career with several critically acclaimed performances In she attempted to free herself from her contract and although she lost a well publicized legal case it marked the beginning of the most successful period of her career Until the late s she was one of American cinema s most celebrated leading ladies known for her forceful and intense style Davis gained a reputation as a perfectionist who could be highly combative and confrontations with studio executives film directors and costars were often reported Her forthright manner clipped vocal style and ubiquitous cigarette contributed to a public persona which has often been imitated and parodied Davis was the co founder of the Hollywood Canteen and was the first female president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences She won the Academy Award for Best Actress twice was the first person to accrue Academy Award nominations for acting and was the first woman to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute Her career went through several periods of eclipse and she admitted that her success had often been at the expense of her personal relationships Married four times she was once widowed and thrice divorced and raised her children as a single parent Her final years were marred by a long period of ill health but she continued acting until shortly before her death from breast cancer with more than films television and theater roles to her credit In Davis was placed second on the American Film Institute s list of the greatest female stars of classic Hollywood cinema Contents Life and career Background and early acting career – Early years in Hollywood – Legal case Success with Warner Bros – War effort and personal tragedy – Professional setbacks – Starting a freelance career – Renewed success – Late career – Illness conflict and death – Reception and legacy Academy Awards milestones Selected filmography References Sources External links Life and career edit Background and early acting career – edit Ruth Elizabeth Davis known from early childhood as "Betty " was born on April at Chester Street Lowell Massachusetts the daughter of Harlow Morrell Davis a law student from Augusta Maine and Ruth Augusta "Ruthie" née Favor from Tyngsboro Massachusetts Betty s younger sister Barbara Harriet "Bobby" was born October at Ward Street in Somerville Massachusetts by which time their father was a patent attorney In Davis s parents separated and Betty and Bobby attended a Spartan boarding school called Crestalban in Lanesborough which is located in the Berkshires In Ruth Davis moved to New York City with her daughters where she worked as a portrait photographer Betty was inspired to become an actress after seeing Rudolph Valentino in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and Mary Pickford in Little Lord Fauntleroy and changed the spelling of her name to "Bette" after Honoré de Balzac s La Cousine Bette She attended Cushing Academy a boarding school in Ashburnham Massachusetts where she met her future husband Harmon O Nelson known as "Ham " In she saw a production of Henrik Ibsen s The Wild Duck with Blanche Yurka and Peg Entwistle a well known Broadway actress who killed herself in by jumping off the H of the Hollywood Sign Davis later recalled that she inspired her full commitment to her chosen career and said "Before that Entwistle " She auditioned for admission to Eva LeGallienne s Manhattan Civic Repertory but was rejected by LeGallienne who described her attitude as "insincere" and "frivolous " Upon graduating Cushing Academy Bette enrolled in John Murray Anderson s Dramatic School She auditioned for George Cukor s stock theater company and although he was not very impressed he gave Davis her first paid acting assignment anyway—a one week stint playing the part of a chorus girl in the play Broadway She was later chosen to play Hedwig the character she had seen Entwistle play in The Wild Duck After performing in Philadelphia Washington and Boston she made her Broadway debut in in Broken Dishes and followed it with Solid South Early years in Hollywood – edit Davis in her film debut The Bad Sister In Davis moved to Hollywood to screen test for Universal Accompanied by her mother she traveled by train to Hollywood arriving on December She later recounted her surprise that nobody from the studio was there to meet her a studio employee had waited for her but left because he saw nobody who "looked like an actress " She failed her first screen test but was used in several screen tests for other actors In a interview with Dick Cavett she related the experience with the observation "I was the most Yankee est most modest virgin who ever walked the earth They laid me on a couch and I tested fifteen men They all had to lie on top of me and give me a passionate kiss Oh I thought I would die Just thought I would die " A second test was arranged for Davis for the film A House Divided Hastily dressed in an ill fitting costume with a low neckline she was rebuffed by the director William Wyler who loudly commented to the assembled crew "What do you think of these dames who show their chests and think they can get jobs " Carl Laemmle the head of Universal Studios considered terminating Davis s employment but cinematographer Karl Freund told him she had "lovely eyes" and would be suitable for The Bad Sister in which she subsequently made her film debut Her nervousness was compounded when she overheard the Chief of Production Carl Laemmle Jr comment to another executive that she had "about as much sex appeal as Slim Summerville " one of the film s co stars The film was not a success and her next role in Seed was too brief to attract attention Universal Studios renewed her contract for three months and she appeared in a small role in Waterloo Bridge before being lent to Columbia Pictures for The Menace and to Capital Films for Hell s House all After nine months and six unsuccessful films Laemmle elected not to renew her contract Davis was preparing to return to New York when actor George Arliss chose Davis for the lead female role in the Warner Brothers picture The Man Who Played God and for the rest of her life Davis credited him with helping her achieve her "break" in Hollywood The Saturday Evening Post wrote "she is not only beautiful but she bubbles with charm " and compared her to Constance Bennett and Olive Borden Warner Bros signed her to a five year contract and she remained with the studio for the next eighteen years garnering great acclaim for herself as well as making a fortune for her employers In she married Harmon "Ham" Nelson who was scrutinized by the press his a week earnings compared unfavorably with Davis s reported a week income Davis addressed the issue in an interview pointing out that many Hollywood wives earned more than their husbands but the situation proved difficult for Nelson who refused to allow Davis to purchase a house until he could afford to pay for it himself Davis had several abortions during the marriage As the shrewish Mildred in Of Human Bondage Davis was acclaimed for her dramatic performanceAfter more than film roles the role of the vicious and slatternly Mildred Rogers in the RKO Radio production of Of Human Bondage a film adaptation of W Somerset Maugham s novel earned Davis her first major critical acclaim Many actresses feared playing unsympathetic characters and several had refused the role but Davis viewed it as an opportunity to show the range of her acting skills Her co star Leslie Howard was initially dismissive of her but as filming progressed his attitude changed and he subsequently spoke highly of her abilities The director John Cromwell allowed her relative freedom and commented "I let Bette have her head I trusted her instincts " She insisted that she be portrayed realistically in her death scene and said "the last stages of consumption poverty and neglect are not pretty and I intended to be convincing looking " The film was a success and Davis s confronting characterization won praise from critics with Life magazine writing that she gave "probably the best performance ever recorded on the screen by a U S actress " Davis anticipated that her reception would encourage Warner Bros to cast her in more important roles and was disappointed when Jack L Warner refused to lend her to Columbia Studios to appear in It Happened One Night and instead cast her in the melodrama Housewife When Davis was not nominated for an Academy Award for Of Human Bondage The Hollywood Citizen News questioned the omission and Norma Shearer herself a nominee joined a campaign to have Davis nominated This prompted an announcement from the Academy president Howard Estabrook who said that under the circumstances "any voter may write on the ballot his or her personal choice for the winners " thus allowing for the only time in the Academy s history the consideration of a candidate not officially nominated for an award Claudette Colbert won the award for It Happened One Night but the uproar led to a change in Academy voting procedures the following year whereby nominations were determined by votes from all eligible members of a particular branch rather than by a smaller committee with results independently tabulated by the accounting firm Price Waterhouse Davis appeared in Dangerous as a troubled actress and received very good reviews E Arnot Robertson wrote in Picture Post "I think Bette Davis would probably have been burned as a witch if she had lived two or three hundred years ago She gives the curious feeling of being charged with power which can find no ordinary outlet " The New York Times hailed her as "becoming one of the most interesting of our screen actresses " She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for the role but commented it was belated recognition for Of Human Bondage calling the award a "consolation prize " For the rest of her life Davis maintained that she gave the statue its familiar name of "Oscar" because its posterior resembled that of her husband whose middle name was Oscar although her claim has been disputed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences among others In her next film The Petrified Forest Davis co starred with Leslie Howard and Humphrey Bogart but Bogart in his first important role received most of the critics praise Davis appeared in several films over the next two years but most were poorly received Legal case edit Convinced that her career was being damaged by a succession of mediocre films Davis accepted an offer in to appear in two films in Britain Knowing that she was breaching her contract with Warner Bros she fled to Canada to avoid legal papers being served upon her Eventually Davis brought her case to court in Britain hoping to get out of her contract with Warner Bros She later recalled the opening statement of the barrister Sir Patrick Hastings who represented Warner Bros Hastings urged the court to "come to the conclusion that this is rather a naughty young lady and that what she wants is more money " He mocked Davis s description of her contract as "slavery" by stating incorrectly that she was being paid per week He remarked "if anybody wants to put me into perpetual servitude on the basis of that remuneration I shall prepare to consider it " The British press offered little support to Davis and portrayed her as overpaid and ungrateful Davis explained her viewpoint to a journalist saying "I knew that if I continued to appear in any more mediocre pictures I would have no career left worth fighting for " Davis s counsel presented her complaints—that she could be suspended without pay for refusing a part with the period of suspension added to her contract that she could be called upon to play any part within her abilities regardless of her personal beliefs that she could be required to support a political party against her beliefs and that her image and likeness could be displayed in any manner deemed applicable by the studio Jack Warner testified and was asked "Whatever part you choose to call upon her to play if she thinks she can play it whether it is distasteful and cheap she has to play it " Warner replied "Yes she must play it " The case decided by Branson J in the English High Court was reported as Warner Bros Studios Incorporated v Nelson in KB Davis lost the case and returned to Hollywood in debt and without income to resume her career Olivia de Havilland mounted a similar case in and won Success with Warner Bros – edit Davis began work on Marked Woman as a prostitute in a contemporary gangster drama inspired by the case of Lucky Luciano For her performance in the film she was awarded the Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival Her next picture was Jezebel and during production Davis entered a relationship with director William Wyler She later described him as the "love of my life " and said that making the film with him was "the time in my life of my most perfect happiness " The film was a success and Davis performance as a spoiled Southern belle earned her a second Academy Award which led to speculation in the press that she would be chosen to play a similar character Scarlett O Hara in Gone with the Wind Davis expressed her desire to play Scarlett and while David O Selznick was conducting a search for the actress to play the role a radio poll named her as the audience favorite Warners offered her services to Selznick as part of a deal that also included Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland but Selznick did not consider Davis as suitable and rejected the offer while Davis did not want Flynn cast as Rhett Butler Newcomer Vivien Leigh was eventually cast as Scarlett O Hara while de Havilland landed a role as Melanie and both of them would be nominated for the Oscars with Leigh winning Jezebel marked the beginning of the most successful phase of Davis career and over the next few years she was listed in the annual "Quigley Poll of the Top Ten Money Making Stars " which was compiled from the votes of movie exhibitors throughout the U S for the stars that had generated the most revenue in their theaters over the previous year In contrast to Davis success her husband Ham Nelson had failed to establish a career for himself and their relationship faltered In Nelson obtained evidence that Davis was engaged in a sexual relationship with Howard Hughes and subsequently filed for divorce citing Davis "cruel and inhuman manner " with Errol Flynn in The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex She was emotional during the making of her next film Dark Victory and considered abandoning it until the producer Hal B Wallis convinced her to channel her despair into her acting The film became one of the highest grossing films of the year and the role of Judith Traherne brought her an Academy Award nomination In later years Davis cited this performance as her personal favorite She appeared in three other box office hits in The Old Maid with Miriam Hopkins Juarez with Paul Muni and The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex with Errol Flynn The latter was her first color film and her only color film made during the height of her career To play the elderly Elizabeth I of England Davis shaved her hairline and eyebrows During filming she was visited on the set by the actor Charles Laughton She commented that she had a "nerve" playing a woman in her sixties to which Laughton replied "Never not dare to hang yourself That s the only way you grow in your profession You must continually attempt things that you think are beyond you or you get into a complete rut " Recalling the episode many years later Davis remarked that Laughton s advice had influenced her throughout her career By this time Davis was Warner Bros most profitable star and she was given the most important of their female leading roles Her image was considered with more care although she continued to play character roles she was often filmed in close ups that emphasized her distinctive eyes All This and Heaven Too was the most financially successful film of Davis career to that point while The Letter was considered "one of the best pictures of the year" by The Hollywood Reporter and Davis won admiration for her portrayal of an adulterous killer a role originated by famed actress Katharine Cornell During this time she was in a relationship with her former costar George Brent who proposed marriage Davis refused as she had met Arthur Farnsworth a New England innkeeper Davis and Farnsworth were married at Home Ranch in Rimrock Arizona in December Davis often played unlikable characters such as Regina Giddens in The Little Foxes In January Davis became the first female president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences but antagonized the committee members with her brash manner and radical proposals Faced with the disapproval and resistance of the committee Davis resigned and was succeeded by her predecessor Walter Wanger Davis starred in three movies in the first being The Great Lie opposite George Brent It was a refreshingly different role for Davis as she played a kind sympathetic character Brent tickled Davis during many of the film s scenes which allowed the audience used to Davis strong willed character a rare glimpse of her succumbing to giggles and squirms William Wyler directed Davis for the third time in Lillian Hellman s The Little Foxes RKO but they clashed over the character of Regina Giddens a role originally played on Broadway by Tallulah Bankhead coincidentally Davis had portrayed in film roles initiated by Bankhead on the stage twice before in Dark Victory and Jezebel Wyler encouraged Davis to emulate Bankhead s interpretation of the role but Davis wanted to make the role her own She received another Academy Award nomination for her performance and never worked with Wyler again War effort and personal tragedy – edit Following the attack on Pearl Harbor Davis spent the early months of selling war bonds After Jack Warner criticized her tendency to cajole crowds into buying she reminded him that her audiences responded most strongly to her "bitch" performances She sold two million dollars worth of bonds in two days as well as a picture of herself in Jezebel for She also performed for black regiments as the only white member of an acting troupe formed by Hattie McDaniel which included Lena Horne and Ethel Waters At John Garfield s suggestion of opening a servicemen s club in Hollywood Davis—with the aid of Warner Cary Grant and Jule Styne—transformed an old nightclub into the Hollywood Canteen which opened on October Hollywood s most important stars volunteered to entertain servicemen Davis ensured that every night there would be a few important "names" for the visiting soldiers to meet She appeared as herself in the film Hollywood Canteen which used the canteen as the setting for a fictional story Davis later commented "There are few accomplishments in my life that I am sincerely proud of The Hollywood Canteen is one of them " In she was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal the United States Department of Defense s highest civilian award for her work with the Hollywood Canteen Paul Henreid lights Davis cigarette in Now Voyager one of her most iconic roles Davis showed little interest in the film Now Voyager until Hal Wallis advised her that female audiences needed romantic dramas to distract them from the reality of their lives It became one of the best known of her "women s pictures " In one of the film s most imitated scenes Paul Henreid lights two cigarettes as he stares into Davis eyes and passes one to her Film reviewers complimented Davis on her performance the National Board of Review commenting that she gave the film "a dignity not fully warranted by the script " During the early s several of Davis film choices were influenced by the war such as Watch on the Rhine by Lillian Hellman and Thank Your Lucky Stars a lighthearted all star musical cavalcade with each of the featured stars donating their fee to the Hollywood Canteen Davis performed a