exceptionally well in reading, mathematics and science.[295] Culture Main article: Culture of New Zealand Tall wooden carving showing Kupe above two tentacled sea creatures Late 20th-century house-post depicting the navigator Kupe fighting two sea creatures Early Maori adapted the tropically based east Polynesian culture in line with the challenges associated with a larger and more diverse environment, eventually developing their own distinctive culture. Social organisation was largely communal with families (whanau), subtribes (hapu) and tribes (iwi) ruled by a chief (rangatira), whose position was subject to the community's approval.[296] The British and Irish immigrants brought aspects of their own culture to New Zealand and also influenced Maori culture,[297][298] particularly with the introduction of Christianity.[299] However, Maori still regard their allegiance to tribal groups as a vital part of their identity, and Maori kinship roles resemble those of other Polynesian peoples.[300] More recently American, Australian, Asian and other European cultures have exerted influence on New Zealand. Non-Maori Polynesian cultures are also apparent, with Pasifika, the world's largest Polynesian festival, now an annual event in Auckland.[301] The largely rural life in early New Zealand led to the image of New Zealanders being rugged, industrious problem solvers.[302] Modesty was expected and enforced through the "tall poppy syndrome", where high achievers received harsh criticism.[303] At the time New Zealand was not known as an intellectual country.[304] From the early 20th century until the late 1960s, Maori culture was suppressed by the attempted assimilation of Maori into British New Zealanders.[279] In the 1960s, as tertiary education became more available and cities expanded[305] urban culture began to dominate.[306] However, rural imagery and themes are common in New Zealand's art, literature and media.[307] New Zealand's national symbols are influenced by natural, historical, and Maori sources. The silver fern is an emblem appearing on army insignia and sporting team uniforms.[308] Certain items of popular culture thought to be unique to New Zealand are called "Kiwiana".[308] Art Main article: New Zealand art As part of the resurgence of Maori culture, the traditional crafts of carving and weaving are now more widely practised and Maori artists are increasing in number and influence.[309] Most Maori carvings feature human figures, generally with three fingers and either a natural-looking, detailed head or a grotesque head.[310] Surface patterns consisting of spirals, ridges, notches and fish scales decorate most carvings.[311] The pre-eminent Maori architecture consisted of carved meeting houses (wharenui) decorated with symbolic carvings and illustrations. These buildings were
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